Securing General Aviation(31)

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Besides prospective charter and lease customers, the screening of prospective aircraft purchasers can serve as an important deterrent to prevent terrorists or organizations that support terrorism from acquiring aircraft that could be used in a terrorist attack. Under Department of the Treasury regulations, promulgated to meet requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (P.L. 107-56), aircraft sales must comply with various information sharing, reporting, and records keeping requirements aimed at identifying suspicious transactions and preventing money laundering.70 However, because many other large-scale financial transactions such as the sale of houses, boats, and cars must be similarly reported, the volume of transactions may make it difficult to quickly identify suspicious aircraft transactions.  The main intent of these regulations is to spot potential attempts to launder illegal funds in support of terrorist or criminal activities, and therefore the regulations are not specifically designed to vet purchasers of GA aircraft against terrorist watch lists.  The capability to detect
69 See CRS Report RL32802, Homeland Security: Air Passenger Prescreening and Counterterrorism, by Bart Elias, William Krouse, and Ed Rappaport.
70 See Title 31 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 103.
aircraft sales to suspected terrorists or their associates and vet aircraft purchasers against terrorist watch lists under these reporting requirements remains unclear.   

Physical Security Measures for Airports
Other than surveillance, access controls, and background checks, there are a variety of other options for enhancing the general physical security of airport facilities. One of the most obvious of these measures is erecting physical barriers, such as chain-link perimeter fencing,  around security sensitive locations on the airfield. However, the TSA cautions that while physical barriers such as fencing, walls, electronic boundaries, and even natural barriers can protect airport areas from unauthorized access, these methods by themselves will not prevent determined intruders from gaining access.  The TSA further notes that excessive spending on extensive perimeter enhancements may actuallybe detrimental to an airport’s overall security posture to the extent that these efforts take away from opportunities to improve upon other aspects of security.71  Besides fencing, protective lighting can often serve as an effective deterrent against theft, vandalism, unauthorized access, and other illegal activity at night.72
While various combinations of physical barriers and lighting may deter unauthorized access at airports, the TSA notes that storing aircraft in hangars provides one of the most effective method of securing GA aircraft.73 However, at many GA airports, hangar space is in short supply and the demand for hangars make them very costly, especially for some small, privately owned aircraft.  Language in the Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act – Vision 100 (P.L. 108-176, Sec. 149) provides greater flexibility in the allocation of federal Airport Improvement Program (AIP) funds for the construction of hangars at GA airports.  Also, to foster private investment in hangar construction, additional language in Vision 100 (P.L. 108-176, Sec. 165) provides assurances for long-term lease agreements between tenant aircraft owners who build hangars using their own funds and airport operators.
　
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