Securing General Aviation(2)

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GA security has remained a topic of considerable interest in the 109th Congress. In addition to the requirement to assess risks posed by GA aircraft called for in P.L. 109-90, both H.R. 2649 and H.R. 3397 propose options to enhance GA security. Addressing lingering concerns over restricted airspace violations in the Washington, DC area that complicate the task of protecting sites from aerial attack, H.R. 3465 calls for increased penalties for violators and mandatory training for pilots.  GA user groups have largely opposed these measures, calling instead for a risk-based approach to GA security that they maintain does not unduly impede air commerce or compromise aviation safety.  This report will be updated as needed.
Contents
What is General Aviation?...........................................2
General Aviation Flight Operations................................2
General Aviation Aircraft Types ..................................4
General Aviation Airports .......................................5
The Economic Impact of General Aviation ..........................6

The Security Challenge .............................................8

Security Vulnerabilities .............................................9

Risk Factors Associated with General Aviation .........................13

Possible Options to Mitigate the Security Risks of General Aviation.........17
Security Risk Assessments......................................18
Surveillance and Monitoring ....................................21
Airport Watch Program ....................................22
Behavior Pattern Recognition ...............................23
Airport Access Controls........................................25
Background Checks and Vetting .................................27
Physical Security Measures for Airports ...........................30
Physical Security Measures for Aircraft ...........................30
Securing Agricultural Aviation Operations .........................31
Flight School Security .........................................32
Security Best Practices for Business and Charter Aviation .............33
The TSA Access Certificate Program .........................33
Access to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport...........34
Security Measures for Charter Operations......................35
Airspace Restrictions ..........................................36
Airspace Restrictions Around Washington, DC .................36
Security-Related Flight Restrictions Throughout the United States ..37
Presidential Airspace Restrictions ............................37
Policy Issues Regarding Airspace Restrictions ..................38
Surveillance and Monitoring of Restricted Airspace..............38
Airspace Protection and Homeland Defense ....................39

Related Legislative Actions in the 109th Congress .......................41
　
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