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While the threat posed by light GA aircraft carrying conventional explosives is limited by the size and speed of these aircraft , some experts argue that small aircraft
37 Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. General Aviation and Homeland Security: A Security Brief by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. (January 23, 2004, Frederick, MD).
38 Based on information from Cessna Aircraft Company, Information Manual: Skyhawk Model 172P, May 12, 1981, and Piper Aircraft Corporation, Piper Warrior II Information Manual, Revised September 12, 1990.
39 While weight is not the only consideration in evaluating explosive force, it is meaningful for comparing the potential threat posed by aircraft and vehicles that differ in terms of their payload capacity.
may pose a significant threat if used as a platform to launch a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) attack over a densely populated area. In these cases, payload capacity and speed may not be considered as significant components of the risk equation. Rather, with regard to the CBRN threat, the most significant element associated with small GA aircraft appears to be their unique capability to fly at relatively low altitudes above densely populated areas and large congregations of people on the ground. In fact, the slow speed of these smaller aircraft and the ease at which doors and windows on non-pressurized airplanes and helicopters can be operated in flight may actually pose a greater threat of certain types of attacks, such as chemical and biological attacks, as compared to larger, faster aircraft. Agricultural aircraft used for spraying crops with pesticides and fertilizers pose a unique threat as a platform for a biological or chemical attack because they are specifically designed for aerial dispersal and could be exploited by terrorists for this specific purpose.
However, the chemical and biological threat using GA aircraft may not be as ominous as some fear. First, many chemical agents must be released in rather high concentrations. Some, such as cyanides, may only be effective as a chemical weapon if dispensed in an enclosed area therefore greatly limiting the threat of aerial dispersion.40 While other chemical agents – such as caustic mustard agents and military nerve agents – may be effective in open air settings, the limited payload of small GA aircraft may limit the scope of an aerial attack using such agents. Second, aerial dispersion of either chemical or biological agents over populated areas or large congregations of individuals is likely to be easily detected. If a suspected aerial dispersion of a chemical or biological agent is promptly reported, a timely public health response could significantly limit the impact of such an attack. In general, experts believe that if any chemical or biological attack were to occur – whether using a small airplane or some other method to attack – it would likely be on a small scale physically, but may have a large psychological impact on the population.41
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Securing General Aviation(15)
