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The main improvements are:
-The Radar Sensor technology has shown a considerable progress, as a result of better antenna technology (e.g. the advent of LVA antennae) and the development of monopulse and MTD systems. The ‘old’ sliding window type of radar systems are gradually replaced by more sophisticated systems.
-The development and implementation of the 4-States Radar Data Distribution Network (RADNET) has allowed to have access to many radar systems, virtually without augmenting the communications costs. At present thirteen radars are simultaneously used by the MADAP Track Server to establish the Air Situation Picture, compared to four in the first years of MADAP. There is a steady process of integrating more and/or better radar sensors, duly taking into account cost and networking constraints. Especially many of the new radars, becoming available with the German Radar Modernisation and Replacement Programme (REMP) will become integrated in the MADAP Track Server during the timeframe from now up to the next millennium.
-In addition to the so-called Long Range Radars, a number of Airport radars were integrated in the recent past (Brussels ASR, Luxembourg ASR and Schiphol ASR). The new generation Airport radars, using SSR monopulse and PSR MTD technology are extremely attractive for tracking purposes due to their high sampling rate and inherent precision. It has further to be noted, that as a result of the monopulse technology, airport radars can henceforth support SSR coverage ranges of 140 NM or more. The REMP programme will deliver some ten ASR radars, which are potential candidates for integration by the MADAP Track Server.
-As a result of the Radar Sharing Concept and through the interconnection of RADNET with similar networks in e.g. France, the UK, Denmark, it is the intention to also integrate some radar facilities, located within the neighbouring areas surrounding the MAS-UIR. This is beneficial for the safe radar hand-overs between MAS-UAC sectors and sectors within adjacent/subjacent centres.
-Worth to mention is also that vital radars are connected to two separate RADNET nodes, via independent access links. The MADAP TS exploits this feature, by permanently monitoring the availability of radar status messages (north/sector messages) at both RSAPs (Radar Service Access Point). Path swapping to the alternate path occurs in case of failure of the active path.
Summarising, the development of RADNET and ASTERIX paved the way to optimally implement the Radar Sharing Concept. In principle many radar sensors, of a diverse type and nature, can be accessed against low communication cost, yielding a comprehensive coverage with a number of pronounced advantages:
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high data sampling rate, allowing the computation of precise track state variables and a faster detection of hazardous events from developing (e.g. unexpected horizontal or vertical manoeuvres).
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faster and more reliable manoeuvre detection (better discrimination between manoeuvre and measurement errors as a result of an observation under different aspect angles by the multiple sensors).
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compensation for coverage gaps of a particular sensor. . optimal low coverage.
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higher availability of radar data as a result of resilience in communication network.
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the extensive multiple coverage allows to efficiently filter residual reflections, side/backlobe plots, splits, etc.
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best possible protection against transponder deficiencies, through the simultaneous use of many sensors, from different manufacturers and applying different parameter settings.
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good protection against resolution problems and garbling by simultaneously using multiple (default 5) sensors through different aspect angles and selection of the closest sensors (better resolution) per individual aircraft.
2.2 Weather Radars
A further measure to support the aircraft separation task was the provision of multi-sensor composite precipitation images, derived either from normal traffic radars or from dedicated weather radars. The main purpose is to visualise high CB activity to the control staff, assisting pilots to circumnavigate those hazardous areas.
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本文链接地址：GUIDELINES FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE ECAC RADAR SEPARATION(27)
