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By analogy with the previous paragraph the same structure is used; accordingly the following issues are addressed : safety, technical and operational assessments.
1)
SDPD requirements for inter-system “Track Continuity” are described in the Operational Concept Document for EATCHIP Phase III System Generation OPR.ET1.ST02.1000-OCD-01.00)opr.et1.st02.1000-ocd-01.00)
6.1 SAFETY assessment
The provisions of paragraph 5.1 are as applicable to High complexity TMA radar separation minima as they were in the application of 5 NM radar separation. Therefore the accuracy, integrity and availability of both the radar system and communication system, ATC procedures and contingency provisions shall be such that an acceptable level of safety is guaranteed.
Levels of safety may be specified either qualitatively or quantitatively. Whenever practicable, quantitative safety levels should be derived and maintained for all systems (op.cit. “EATCHIP Safety Policy : Implementation guidance material”, page 52, Par. 7.4)
6.2 TECHNICAL assessment
6.2.1 Radar Separation - 3 NM
States noted that, in essence, the method to assess the radar accuracy for 3 NM radar separation does not differ from the one used for the 5 NM/10NM radar separation. The contributions of France and United Kingdom, set out in Annex 3/Attachment A, are an illustration of the methodologies being used to evaluate the radar capabilities.
The EUROCONTROL Standard concerning “Radar surveillance in en-route airspace and major terminal areas” formulates criteria for application of 3 NM radar separation minima in High complexity TMAs, such as
a) Duplicated SSR coverage and single PSR radar, as such assuring continuous availability of radar position information and enabling provision of air traffic services to aircraft unable to respond to SSR interrogations.
b) The coverage within major terminal areas shall extend from the lowest altitudes of the intermediate approach segments for the principle aerodrome concerned. Coverage elsewhere will extend from the minimum levels at which radar services are required to be provided, up to the upper limit of the terminal area.
Note: The coverage requirements below the lowest altitudes of the intermediate approach segments can be met in accordance with the local aerodrome conditions, provided continuity of services for the high complexity TMA is ensured.
c) Provisions shall be made for the continuity of radar coverage in the areas interfacing with en-route airspace
d) The position accuracy of the surveillance radar data available at the control position shall have an error distribution with a root mean square value (RMS) equal to or less than 300 metres for high complexity TMAs.
e) Surveillance information updates shall enable the display updates to be no more than 5 seconds.
f) A maximum of 2 successive updates by extrapolation for position data.
6.2.2 Radar Separation - 2.5 NM
A further reduction of the minimum authorised radar separation to 2.5 NM on the final approach track within 10NM from the landing threshold is subject to stringent requirements. In addition to the operational aspects, extensively reproduced in paragraph 6.3.2, ICAO’s Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Service (Annex 11 and Doc 4444) also provides technical guidance.
It is the capability of a radar system or sensor and the distance of the target from the sensor which determine the prescribed radar separation minimum. The following elements shall be taken into consideration when deciding upon the minima :
a) appropriate azimuth and range resolution;
b) updating cycle of radar display of 5 seconds or less;
c) availability of Surface Movement Radar or Surface Movement Guidance and Control System.
It is recognised that the radar separation minimum of 2.5 NM on final approach track can not be completely dissociated from the type of approach, such as : (in-)dependent or segregated approaches on parallel runways, on near-parallel or crossing runway etc. Therefore for the different types of approach, reference is also made to the technical provisions of the referred ICAO document in terms of
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GUIDELINES FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE ECAC RADAR SEPARATION(11)
