Hole (burn) Hot spot Overheated Oxidiation.
RubWear
BreakNick (similar to Chip,but no parent material isremoved). Notched Spalling (usually a broken-away flat surface).
Pit
BreakCold shut (castings) Crater (castings) Fatigue damage Fissure Fracture Lap (forgings)
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Crazing A mesh of minute hairline cracks found in glazed or baked-on coated surfaces, generally caused by temperature change or by deformation of parent metal. Cracks do not penetrate into parent metal.
Creep Gradual continuous distortion or plastic flow under constant stress.
Deformation Any alteration or change of shape, dimension or configuration resulting from stress or damage.
Dent A completely smooth surface depression caused by pressure or impact from a smooth, rounded foreign object. The parent material is displaced, but none is separated.
Deviation Any condition that causes a part to differ from the manufacturer's blueprint.
Discontinuity An interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part.
Distortion Any twisting, bending or permanent strain that results in misalignment or change of shape.
Rupture Seam Separation Slit Tear
BendCreepDistortion
Peen
DamageDefectFlaw Imperfection Irregularity
CrackSeamCold shut Lap
BendDeformation
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Erosion Gradual wearing away of a surface caused by a fluid (gas or liquid) flowing over the surface. Wear is generally caused by fine particles of foreign material entrained in hot engine gases flowing at a high velocity.
Fatigue The progressive fracture of a material under cyclic stress loading.
Flaking See "Spalling".
Fretting Wearing away by low-amplitude rubbing against another metal (generally associated with press fit or close fitting parts).
Galling A defect caused by the movement of 2 surfaces in contact with each other. In most cases, an accumulation of foreign material is deposited on the parent material.
Gouge A wide, rough scratch or group of scratches, usually with one or more sharply incised corners, and frequently accompanied by deformation or removal of parent material.
Groove A long, narrow, continuous depression caused by pressure of a moving surface in contact with the parent material.
High spots Local distortions
CrystallizationFrettingFlaking
WearGalling
Pickup
If depression is shallowand smooth, see "Wear";if depression is sharp,see "Scratch".
Blister Buckle Bubble Out-of-round
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High metal Displaced metal adjacent to a defect such as a scratch, nick or gouge, which is raised above the surrounding.
Imbalance The state of being out-of-balance. Unequal distribution of weight about the axis of rotation, which usually results in vibration.
Inclusion Foreign material embedded in metal during solidification, or formed by subsequent reaction of the solid metal.
Indication The visible evidence that a material defect exists, even though the defect itself may not be visible to the naked eye.
Looseness Abnormal movement of a part, or insufficient securing of a part.
Misalignment A mismatching or malformation of any part which either prevents perfect assembly or results in faulty operation and/or ultimate failure.
Nick A surface impression with sharp corners or bottom, usually caused by pressure or impact from a sharp-edged object. The parent material is displaced, but usually none is separated.
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