.
any other situation where it is necessary to review or define crew
responsibilities.
Push Back or Towing
Each operator should develop specific pushback and towing procedures and policies which are tailored for their specific operations. The flight operations and maintenance departments need to be primary in developing these procedures.
Pushback and towing present serious hazards to ground personnel. There have been many accidents where personnel were run over by the airplane wheels during the pushback or towing process.
Pushback or towing involves three phases:
.
positioning and connecting the tug and tow bar
.
moving the airplane
.
disconnecting the tow bar.
Proper training of both pilots and ground maintenance and good communication between the flight deck and ground personnel are essential for a safe operation.
The headset operator, who is walking in the vicinity of the nose wheels, is usually the person injured or killed in the majority of the accidents. Procedures that do not have personnel in the vicinity of the nose wheels help to reduce the possibility of these type accidents.
Note: Pushback or tow out is normally accomplished with all hydraulic systems pressurized and the nose wheel steering locked out.
Copyright . The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
FCT 737 (TM) October 31, 2006
737 Flight Crew Training Manual
The captain should ensure that all appropriate checklists are completed prior to airplane movement. All passengers should be in their seats, all doors closed and all equipment away from the airplane. After the tow tractor and tow bar have been connected, obtain a pushback or towing clearance from ground control. Engine start may be accomplished during pushback or towing, or delayed until pushback or towing is completed. Ground personnel should be on headset to observe and communicate any possible safety hazards to the flight crew.
Note: The airplane should not be taxied away from a gate, or pushback position, unless the marshaller clears the airplane to taxi.
Taxi
Taxi General
An airport diagram should be kept in a location readily available to both crewmembers during taxi. The following guidelines aid in conducting safe and efficient taxi operations:
Prior to Taxi
.
both pilots verify the correct airplane parking position is entered into the
FMC
.
brief applicable items from airport diagrams and related charts
.
ensure both crewmembers understand the expected taxi route
.
write down the taxi clearance when received.
During Taxi
.
progressively follow taxi position on the airport diagram
.
during low visibility conditions, call out all signs to verify position
.
if unfamiliar with the airport consider requesting a FOLLOW ME vehicle
or progressive taxi instructions
.
use standard radio phraseology
.
read back all clearances. If any crewmember is in doubt regarding the
clearance, verify taxi routing with the written clearance or with ATC. Stop
the airplane if the clearance is in doubt
.
when ground/obstruction clearance is in doubt, stop the airplane and
obtain a wing-walker
.
avoid distractions during critical taxi phases; plan ahead for checklist
accomplishment and company communications
.
consider delaying checklist accomplishment until stopped during low
visibility operations
.
do not allow ATC or anyone else to rush you
.
verify the runway is clear (both directions) and clearance is received prior
to entering a runway
737 Flight Crew Training Manual
.
be constantly aware of the equipment, structures, and airplanes behind
you when the engines are above idle thrust
.
consider using the taxi light to visually indicate movement
.
at night use all appropriate airplane lighting
.
when entering any active runway ensure the exterior lights specified in
the FCOM are illuminated.
Prior to Landing
. plan/brief the expected taxiway exit and route to parking.
After Landing
.
ensure taxi instructions are clearly understood, especially when crossing
closely spaced parallel runways
.
delay company communications until clear of all runways.
Flight Deck Perspective
There is a large area near the airplane where personnel, obstacles or guidelines on the ground cannot be seen, particularly in the oblique view across the flight deck. Special care must be exercised in the parking area and while taxiing. When parked, the pilot should rely on ground crew communications to a greater extent to ensure a safe, coordinated operation.
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