曝光台 注意防骗
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Start protection during Inflight Manual Start
FADEC shall provide faults to FWC
NO AUTHORITY TO ABORT THE STARTING SEQUENCE
Start malfunction advisories are operative, but pilot must abort the start if malfunction occurs
136
Flight Operations Support
10 September 2005
CFM PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Subject to restrictions on the cover or first pa ge
One Engines Taxi Out (Not recommended)
• 2 minutes minimum recommended before apply TakeOff thrust setting
• Crews have to consider no fire protection available from ground staff when starting
the other engine away from the ramp.
• If mechanical problems occur during start up, departure time might be delayed due to
a gate return.
• After frequent occurrences, possible increase of deterioration level versus the engine
running first.
Warm up impact on cold engine
* ref equal to TakeOff EGT with a 2 min warm up
CFM REP 05/09/00 based on PSE information
ref -
15°C
ref -
14°C
ref -
12°C
ref -
9°C
ref -
EGT (°C) ref * 4°C
Idle time 2 5 10 15 20 25
(min)
Engines Estimated idle time impact on TakeOff
EGTMargin
Warm up 2 min mini prior to takeoff
A cold engine is defined by shut-down of more
than 6 hours. A 2 minutes minimum warm- up is
recommended in the FCOM but CFM
experience shows that warm-up times between
10 and 15 minutes consistently reduces the
takeoff EGT.
Taxi
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137
Flight Operations Support
10 September 2005
CFM PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Subject to restrictions on the cover or first pa ge
Taxi
Not sensitive to ambient conditions
• EGT unaffected by crosswinds may be slightly higher with tailwinds
• Constant idle thrust: N2 varies with OAT/PA to maintain constant thrust level
Minimize breakaway thrust
• Vortices is common cause of FOD ingestion on ground
• 10 knots headwind/Airspeed will destroy vortices formed
up to 40% N1
10 knots
airspeed/headwind will destroy vortices formed up to 40% N1
30 knots
airspeed will destroy vortices formed at typical TakeOff thrust settings
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138
Flight Operations Support
10 September 2005
CFM PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Subject to restrictions on the cover or first pa ge
High FOD Potential Areas
• Desert Airports
• Coastal Airports
• Airports with: Construction activit, Deteriorated
runways/ramps/taxiways, Narrow runways/taxiways,
Ramps/taxiways sanded for winter operation, Plowed
snow/sand beside runways/taxiways
Engine Vortices
• Strength increases at high thrust, lowairspeed
• High exposure
- Thrust advance for breakaway from stop
- Thrust advance for TakeOff
- Reverse Thrust at lowairspeed
- 180° turn on runway
- Power assurance runs
• Destroyed by Airspeed and/or Headwind
Engine Vortices
is a common cause
of ingestion on
ground
Taxi
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139
Flight Operations Support
10 September 2005
CFM PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Subject to restrictions on the cover or first pa ge
FOD (Recommendations)
• Avoid engine overhang of unprepared
surface
• Minimizebreakaway
and taxi thrust (Less
than 40% N1, if possible)
- Thrust assist from outboard engine
in 180° turn
• Rolling TakeOff, if possible
• Reverse thrust
- During taxi only on emergency
- Minimize on contaminated runway
10 knots
airspeed/headwind will
destroy vortices formed up
to 40% N1
30 knots
airspeed will destroy
vortices formed at typical
TakeOff thrust settings
Taxi
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140
Flight Operations Support
10 September 2005
CFM PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Subject to restrictions on the cover or first pa ge
Taxi
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Reverse thrust during taxi only in
emergency
Oil pressure varies with N2
• Minimum 13 psi (required ENG SHUT
DOWN), May be full scale for cold soaked
engine. less than 13 PSID is permissible
for maximum of 10 seconds during
“Negative G” operation
Oil temperature
• No minimum
• Rise must be noted prior to takeoff
• Maximum 140°C continuous, 155°C for
15 minutes
Oil quantity:
Gulping effect
Flight Phase Deviation From Pre-Start Quantity
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CFFM556 Flight Operations Support(20)
