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air impingement starter (gas turbine engine starter). A type of starter used on some gas turbine engines
in which a stream of high-pressure compressed air is directed onto the blades of the compressor or turbine
to rotate the engine for starting.
air inlet duct (turbine engine component). The portion of the aircraft ahead of the engine compressor that
takes the air into the aircraft and directs it into the engine at the correct speed and direction.
airline. A company or organization that operates aircraft for the transportation of persons or cargo for
compensation or hire.
airliner. A large transport-type aircraft used in air commerce for the transportation of passengers and/or
cargo.
Airloc fastener. A patented form of cowling fastener in which the actual locking is done by rotating a steel
cross-pin in a spring-steel receptacle.
air lock (fluid system malfunction). A pocket of air trapped in a line which carries a liquid. The air blocks
the flow of the liquid.
airman. A person involved in flying, maintaining, or operating aircraft.
airman certificate. The certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration authorizing a person to
perform certain aviation-related duties.
Airman certificates are issued to pilots, mechanics, and parachute riggers.
air mass (meteorology). An extensive body of air within which the conditions of temperature and moisture
in a horizontal plane are essentially uniform.
air mass classification (meteorology). A system used to identify and characterize the different air masses
according to a basic scheme.
The system most commonly used classifies air masses primarily according to the thermal
properties of their source regions: tropical (T); polar (P); and Arctic or Antarctic (A). They are further
classified according to moisture characteristics as continental (c) or maritime (m).
AIRMET. An in-flight weather advisory message issued only to amend an area forecast concerning
weather phenomena of operational interest to all aircraft and potentially hazardous to aircraft having
limited capability because of lack of equipment, instrumentation, or pilot qualifications.
AIRMETs cover moderate icing, moderate turbulence, sustained winds of 30 knots or more at the
surface, widespread areas of ceiling less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than three miles, and
extensive mountain obscurement.
air metering force (fuel metering system). The force used in pressure carburetors and certain fuel
injection systems to determine the amount of fuel to be metered into the engine.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 23
The air metering force is a balance between ram air pressure picked up by impact tubes and a low
pressure produced in a venturi.
air navigation facility. Any facility used, available for use, or designated for use as an aid in air navigation.
This includes landing areas, lights, and any apparatus or equipment for disseminating weather information.
It also includes radio and other electrical communications equipment used for signaling, for
radio-directional finding, and for guiding or controlling the takeoff and landing of aircraft and for flight in
the air.
air-oil cooler. A heat exchanger that uses a flow of ambient air to remove heat from engine lubricating oil.
air-oil separator (gas turbine engine lubrication system component). A component in a turbine engine
lubrication system that removes the air from the scavenged oil before the oil is returned to the tank.
airplane. 14 CFR Part 1: “An engine-driven, fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air, that is supported in flight
by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings.”
airport. 14 CFR Part 1: “An area of land or water that is used, or intended to be used for the landing and
takeoff of aircraft, and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.”
airport advisory area. The area within ten miles of an airport without a control tower or where the tower
is not in operation and on which a Flight Service Station is located.
airport advisory service. See AAS.
airport elevation. The highest point of an airport’s usable runways measured in feet above mean sea level.
Airport/Facility Directory. A publication of the Federal Aviation Administration containing information
on all airports, seaplane bases, and heliports open to the public. The A/F Directory contains
communications data, navigational facilities, and certain special notices and procedures.
airport information desk. An unmanned facility at an airport designed for pilot self-service briefing, flight
planning, and filing of flight plans.
airport lighting. The various lighting aids installed on an airport. These include:
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航空术语词典Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 上(16)
