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1 In-flight Ice Accumulation. Certificate holders should have procedures for flightcrews on arriving flights to report occurrences of in-flight icing to the personnel responsible for executing the certificate holder’s deicing/anti-icing program. In-flight ice accumulation could result in a ground-deicing situation when flights are scheduled for short turnaround times (i.e., for 30 minutes or less and when ambient temperatures on the ground are at or below freezing).
2 Frost, including hoarfrost.
3 Freezing precipitation (snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, or hail, which could adhere to aircraft surfaces).
4 Freezing fog.
5 Rain or high humidity on cold soaked wing.
6 Rain or high humidity on cold soaked wing fuel tanks.
7 Under-wing frost (may not require deicing/anti-icing within certain limits).
8 Fluid failure identification.
(c) Location specific deicing/anti-icing procedures (F/D and/or G, as appropriate).
(d) Communications procedures between the flightcrew, ground personnel, ATC, and company station personnel (F/D/G).
NOTE: Use caution when exercising 3-way communication. They may be confusing, misleading, or misdirected. Communication procedures must include ground crew confirmation to the flightcrew after the deicing and
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anti-icing process is completed that all personnel and equipment are clear before reconfiguring or moving the aircraft.
(e) Means for obtaining most current weather information (F/D/G).
(f) Characteristics and capabilities of fluids used (F/D/G).
1 General fluid descriptions.
2 Composition and appearance.
3 Differences between Type I and Type II/IV deicing/anti-icing fluids.
4 Purpose for each type.
5 Deicing fluids.
6 Anti-icing fluids.
7 De/anti-icing fluids capabilities.
8 Approved deicing/anti-icing fluids for use (SAE, ISO, etc.).
9 Fluid-specific information provided by fluid or aircraft manufacturer (F/D and/or G as appropriate).
10 Fluid temperature requirements (Hot vs. Cold).
11 Properties associated with infrared deicing/anti-icing.
(g) Fluid Storage and Handling (G).
1 Fluid storage.
2 Fluid handling.
3 Fluid sampling.
4 Fluid testing.
(h) Deicing/Anti-icing Facilities and Equipment Operation Procedures (G). An understanding of the capabilities of the deicing equipment and the qualifications for operation. The equipment portion of the training program should include the following:
1 Description of Various Equipment Types:
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(aa) Deicing vehicles.
(bb) Infrared facilities.
(cc) Hard stands.
2 Operation of the equipment.
3 Emergency procedures.
(i) Health, Safety, and First Aid (F/D/G).
(j) Environmental Considerations (G).
(k) Fluid Selection (F/D/G).
(l) Contractor Deicing/Anti-icing (F/D/G). Train-the-trainer (per the approved program).
(m) Methods/Procedures (F/D/G).
1 Inspection of critical surfaces.
2 Clear ice precautions.
3 Flightcrew/groundcrew preflight check requirement.
4 Deicing/anti-ice determination.
5 Deicing/anti-ice location.
6 Communication before deicing/anti-icing.
7 General deicing/anti-ice precautions.
8 Aircraft specific requirements.
9 Deicing:
(aa) Requirements.
(bb) Effective removal of frost, snow, and ice (G).
10 Anti-icing:
(aa) Requirements.
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(bb) Preventative anti-icing (G).
(cc) Application (G).
11 Deicing/anti-icing:
(aa) One step.
(bb) Two step.
12 Guidelines for the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids.
13 Post deicing/anti-icing checks requirement.
14 Flight control check.
15 Communications after deicing/anti-icing.
16 Use of the deicing/anti-icing log (Appendix 3).
(n) Use of HOTs (F/D/G).
1 Definition of HOT.
2 When HOT begins and ends.
3 Limitations and cautions associated with the use of HOTs.
4 Source of HOT data.
5 Relationship of HOT to particular fluid concentrations and for different types of fluids.
6 Precipitation category (e.g., fog, drizzle, rain, or snow).
7 Precipitation intensity.
8 How to determine a specific HOT from the HOT range that accounts for moderate or light weather conditions (F/D).
9 Adjusting HOT for changing weather conditions (F/D).
NOTE: Ground personnel should receive familiarization training on determining a specific HOT from the HOT range and adjusting the HOT for changing weather conditions.
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(o) Pretakeoff Check Requirement (F/D). Identification of representative surfaces.
(p) Pretakeoff Contamination Check Requirement (F/D/G). Communications.
(q) Aircraft Surface Contamination Recognition (F/D/G).
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GROUND DEICING AND ANTI-ICING PROGRAM地面除防冰大纲(6)
