曝光台 注意防骗
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NOTE: The formation of clear ice may be difficult to detect visually. Therefore, specific techniques for identification of clear ice should be included in all training programs.
e. Types of Icing Checks. Section 121.629(c)(4) identifies pretakeoff and pretakeoff contamination checks that, when applicable, are required to be accomplished under an operator’s approved deicing/anti-icing program. The aircraft deicing/anti-icing procedure also includes a post deicing/anti icing check of all aircraft surfaces.
(1) Pretakeoff Check (within the HOT). This check is required under section 121.629(c)(3) anytime procedures for the use of HOT are required. The FAA recommends that only the flightcrew accomplish the pretakeoff check. The flightcrew must accomplish the check within the HOT. The flightcrew should check the aircraft’s wings or representative aircraft surfaces for frozen contamination. The surfaces to be checked are determined by manufacturer’s data or guidance contained in this AC. The pretakeoff check is integral to the use of HOTs. Because of the limitations and cautions associated with the use of HOTs, the flightcrew must assess the current weather and other situational conditions that affect the aircraft’s condition and not rely on the use of HOTs as the sole determinant that the aircraft is free of contaminants. Several pretakeoff checks may be required during the HOT period based on factors that include the length of the HOT range, weather, or other conditions. The flightcrew should maintain a continued awareness of the condition of the aircraft and accomplish a pretakeoff check just before taking the active runway for departure. When conducting the pretakeoff check, the flightcrew must factor in the application sequence (i.e., where on the aircraft the deicing process began).
(2) Pretakeoff Contamination Check (when HOT has been exceeded). Section 121.629(c)(3)(i) states that completing a pretakeoff contamination check is one of the conditions that allows a takeoff after a HOT has been exceeded. When a HOT has been exceeded, certificate holders must have appropriate pretakeoff contamination check procedures for the flightcrew’s and/or other qualified ground personnel’s use to ensure that the aircraft’s critical surfaces remain free of frozen contaminants. Flightcrews and/or other qualified ground personnel must complete the pretakeoff contamination check within 5 minutes before beginning takeoff. This check must be accomplished from outside the aircraft unless the certificate
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holder’s program specifies otherwise. If any doubt exists concerning the aircraft’s condition after completing this check, the aircraft cannot takeoff unless it is deiced again and a new HOT is determined. The following should be considered while developing procedures for this check:
(a) Unless otherwise authorized in the certificate holder’s approved program, certificate holders who operate hard-wing (wings without moveable leading edge lift devices) aircraft with aft, fuselage-mounted, turbine-powered engines should conduct pretakeoff contamination checks from outside the airplane. The pretakeoff contamination check for these aircraft should include a method, approved by the Administrator; to determine that all aircraft surfaces are free of contaminants.
(b) Operators of aircraft other than those addressed in paragraph (a) above, should conduct this check from outside the aircraft unless they can show that the check can be adequately accomplished from inside the aircraft, as specified in the certificate holder’s program. The program must detail procedures and requirements for this check. When developing a program for conducting the pretakeoff contamination check from inside the aircraft, certificate holders should consider if crewmembers are able to see enough of the wings, control surfaces, and other surfaces to determine whether or not they are free of contaminants. When making this determination, consider the aircraft type, the method of conducting the check (from the cockpit or cabin), and other factors, such as aircraft lighting and ambient conditions.
(3) Post Deicing/Anti-Icing Check. This multi-part check is an integral part of the deicing/anti-icing process. The check ensures that:
(a) All critical surfaces are free of adhering frozen contaminants after deicing.
(b) All critical surfaces are free of frozen contaminants before the application of any anti-icing fluid.
(c) All critical surfaces are free of frozen contaminants before pushback or taxi.
NOTE: Certificate holders should have procedures that require that qualified ground personnel conduct this check. Communication procedures should be established to relay pertinent deicing/anti icing information and the results of this check to the PIC.
f. Communications. Communication between ground personnel and the flightcrew prior to commencing deicing/anti-icing operations is critical. Upon completion of deicing/anti-icing operations, ground personnel should communicate with the flightcrew to determine the start of the HOT. The particular HOT the flightcrew uses is also critical. Since many deicers service multiple carriers, the FAA recommends that all approved programs include the following flow sequence and information to provide standardized phraseology:
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GROUND DEICING AND ANTI-ICING PROGRAM地面除防冰大纲(4)
