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DATA FOR WET, SLUSH, SNOW, AND ICE COVERED
RUNWAYS
INTRODUCTION
The following information is considered the most accurate and practical guidance material available
for wet and contaminated runway operations. This advisory information is not FAA approved. The
information is based on JAR 25X1591 and airplane certification basis. This performance information
does not in any way replace or amend the Operating Limitations and Performance Information for
non-contaminated runways
PERFORMANCE
The takeoff field length tables and the landing distance tables presented in Section IV are based on
smooth, dry, paved runways. For takeoffs and landings on wet and precipitation covered runways,
use the following tables and correction factors. The performance information assumes runway
contamination to be of uniform depth and density over the entire runway surface. The impingement
drag is based on testing performed on a Cessna Citation Mustang. The performance data presented
are based on weights up to the following weights:
Takeoff Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8645 Pounds
Landing Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8000 Pounds
WARNING
THESE DISTANCES AND CORRECTION FACTORS FOR WET AND
ADVERSE RUNWAY CONDITIONS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE TO BE
CONSIDERED MINIMUMS, AS ACTUAL RUNWAY CONDITIONS MAY
REQUIRE DISTANCES GREATER THAN THOSE DETERMINED. WHERE
POSSIBLE, EVERY EFFORT SHOULD BE MADE TO ENSURE THAT THE
RUNWAY SURFACE IS CLEARED OF ANY SIGNIFICANT
CONTAMINATION. GROUND HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS,
PARTICULARLY FOLLOWING ENGINE FAILURE, OR IN CROSSWINDS
MAY BE DEGRADED.
NOTE
No performance data is provided for antiskid inoperative takeoff or landing on wet and
contaminated runways. Antiskid inoperative takeoff or landing on wet and
contaminated runways is not recommended.
DEFINITIONS
(Continued Next Page)
Runway Contaminated
by Compacted Snow:
A runway is considered contaminated by compacted snow when covered by
snow which has been compressed into a solid mass such that the airplane
wheels at representative operating pressures and loadings will run on the
surface without causing significant rutting.
Runway Contaminated
by Wet Snow:
A runway is considered contaminated by wet snow when covered by snow,
which if compacted by hand will cause water to be squeezed out, with a
specific gravity of 0.85.
Runway Contaminated
by Dry Snow:
A runway is considered contaminated by dry snow when covered by fresh
snow with relatively little water content, such that water cannot be squeezed
out when compacted by hand, and with a specific gravity of no greater than
0.2.
510FM-04 AA 7-3
SECTION VII - ADVISORY INFORMATION MODEL 510
U.S. Configuration
DEFINITIONS (Continued)
WET RUNWAY TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
Determine the dry runway takeoff field length as described in Procedures for Use of Takeoff
Performance Tables in Section IV of the basic FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual. Using the same
procedures, determine the wet runway takeoff field length, V1, VR, V2, and VENR from the following
figures. If the runway has a gradient, the takeoff field length and V1 must be adjusted in accordance
with the following figures:
RUNWAY GRADIENT
LEVEL RUNWAY ADJUSTMENT
Flaps UP, anti-ice OFF Figure 7-2 Figure 7-1
Flaps UP, anti-ice ON Figure 7-4 Figure 7-3
Flaps 15°, anti-ice OFF Figure 7-6 Figure 7-5
Flaps 15°, anti-ice ON Figure 7-8 Figure 7-7
The takeoff field length is the longer of the wet or dry takeoff field lengths. Use the speeds
determined from the wet runway performance.
(Continued Next Page)
Runway Contaminated
by Standing Water:
A runway is considered contaminated by standing water when covered by
water of a depth greater than 3mm.
Runway Contaminated
by Slush:
A runway is considered contaminated by slush when covered by partly
melted snow or ice with a high water content, such that it cannot significantly
resist compression by hand, and of an assumed specific gravity of 0.85.
Runway Contaminated
by Wet or Dry Ice
(untreated):
A frozen surface which is presumed to be slippery whether wet or dry.
Takeoff Field Length
(Wet and
Contaminated):
The takeoff field length given for each combination of gross weight, ambient
temperature, altitude, wind, and runway gradients is the greatest of the
following:
a. 115 percent of the two-engine horizontal takeoff distance from start to
a height of 35 feet above runway surface.
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Citation Mustang airplane flight manual 3(29)
