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时间:2010-07-14 23:43来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:admin
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2 miles, and 1 mile above 2 miles. Note: Miles are statute miles.
Practices require the forecast of non-convective, low-level wind shear within 2 000 ft of the
ground in the Optional Group. The forecast consists of WS (wind shear); height of the wind shear
in hundreds of feet and wind speed and direction above the wind shear height, using METAR and
TAF coding regulations.
The terms CAVOK and NSC are not used in the TAF.
Change groups and amendment criteria below 112 statute mile (800 m) are not used.
The 100 ft (30 m) change group and amendment criterion are not used.
The change indicator "BECMGn is not used.
The term "PROB 40" is not used in the TAF. "PROB 30" will not be used in the first nine (9) hours
of every TAF's valid period, including amendments. Military TAFs do not use the "PROB" groups.
Area forecasts are issued three times a day, with the exception of Alaska and Hawaii where they
are issued four times a day. They are valid for a 12-hour period beginning 1 hour after issuance
and have an 18-hour outlook. Area forecasts are not issued in the GAMET format but are in
abbreviated language.
Practice is not to include thunderstorm information in area forecasts.
SIGMET messages are issued by alphanumeric series, e.g. Kilo 1, 2, 3. In conterminous United
States, convective SIGMETs are issued in lieu of SIGMETs for convection. They are issued
hourly as bulletins for Eastern, Central and Western United States; thus, they do not indicate the
FIR. Convective SIGMETs have an outlook section.
SIGMETs issued for conterminous United States for convection includes convection at levels
lower than the criterion in a). Bulletins are issued hourly including "NIL" when required.
Convective SIGMETs for the conterminous United States are issued with the non-standard WMO
header designator "WST". Practice is to issue SIGMET for mountain waves only when
accompanied by severe turbulence.
AIRMETs in the conterminous United States are issued as bulletins for East, West and Central in
conjunction with area forecast turbulence, icing, and ceiling and visibility; thus, they do not
comply with template for FIR or series numbering format.
* Recommended Practice
2.1.4 Practices do not include cloud amount or type in AIRMET. Practice is to issue AIRMET for
information included in the area forecast, not just for information occurring or forecast to occur
which has not been included in area forecast. The United States issues AIRMET denoting areas of
IFR and MVFR based on either ceiling or visibility criteria.
Practices do not require reporting of ISOL, OCNL or FRQ.
APPENDIX 8
4.3.1.1 Practices do not require reporting of ISOL, OCNL or FRQ in accordance with the criteria given in
4.3.1.3* Appendix 6, 4.2. The United States reports isolated (ISOL) to mean the phenomenon affects an
area less than approximately 3 000 square miles or is widely separated in time, and widespread
(WDSPR) to mean more than 50 per cent of area.
* Recommended Practice
CHAPTER 2
2.2.2* A quality system in conformity with the IS0 9000 series of quality standards has not been
established.
Remark: Financial resources problem.
CHAPTER 4
4.1.6* Systems for assessing RVR and height of cloud base have not been installed at the Carrasco
International Airport.
Remark: Planned for 2005.
CHAPTER 8
8.1.1 Aerodrome climatoiogical tables and summaries are not supplied to aeronautical users.
Remark: Aerodrome information is available in computer files.
* Recommended Practice
CHAPTER 2
2.2.2* The quality system, in conformity with the requirements of the standards of the International
2.2.3* Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series, has not been established.
CHAPTER 4
4.6.1.1 The unit used to measure surface wind speed and to include it in METAR and SPEC1 is metres per
second (mls).
4.6.2.2* The visibility values, based on the results of observations along the runway, are included in local
4.6.2.3* routine and special reports, and in METAR and SPECI. For visibility observations made with
instruments, the following are not included in reports:
- if the runway length is less than 2 000 m, the lesser of the two values, measured at the
operating start and end of the runway; and
- if the runway length is greater than 2 000 m, the lesser of the two values, measured at the
operating start and middle of the runway.
CHAPTER 5
5.8 c)
CHAPTER 6
6.4
CHAPTER 7
APPENDIX 2
The runway visual range is reported throughout periods when the visibility or the runway visual
range is 2 000 m and less at night and at dusk and 1 000 m and less during the day.
 
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