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listing every feature that might need to be recorded with ample space for their descriptions and, at the other
end of the scale, an essentially plain piece of paper with minimum headings, placing upon the examiner the
burden of remembering every detail to which attention should be given and recordings made. The
International Police Organization, INTERPOL, has designed a Disaster Victim Identification Form that is
available in English, French, Spanish and Arabic. It can be downloaded from INTERPOL’s website (see
further reading list).
Equipment
A list of instruments and equipment suitable for autopsy procedures in the mortuary is not given here. Only
normal standard items are required and pathologists who become involved in the work of aircraft accident
investigation will ensure that arrangements are made for the particular instruments they favour to be made
available.
Teamwork in the mortuary
The work in the mortuary is most efficiently carried out as a team operation, such a team comprising the
aviation accident investigation personnel and the judicial personnel. Both of these groups should co-operate
as a team and their actions should be interrelated. It is preferable that the pathologist is in charge of this team
since the examination of bodies is obviously his prime responsibility. The procedures to be undertaken will
be enumerated as they would be undertaken in the event.
The pathologist must select those to be examined first from the packaged remains housed in the
temporary mortuary. The work is often eased if complete and readily identifiable bodies are examined first;
these may be followed by whole bodies mutilated beyond recognition or by remains constituting more than
half a body; the examination of detached members and body fragments is conveniently undertaken last. It
cannot be overemphasized that seriously incorrect deductions may result from the examination of only a
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — October 2008 IV-1-7
single class of injury. The remains selected for examination should be transferred to the mortuary table,
removed from the container at the table and the container checked for any loose fragments or material that
might have become detached during transit.
The series of numbers used for labelling the human remains at the accident site will bear no relationship
to the total number of victims when there has been severe mutilation and fragmentation of bodies.
Experience has shown that in such cases it is expedient to commence a new and distinct series of numbers
to be used as cadaver numbers; in these circumstances the first thing to be done when the body is placed on
the mortuary table is to give it a new cadaver number. The decision whether or not it is necessary to adopt
this procedure must be made at the outset, and when it is adopted written and photographic records should
be made as soon as a body is given its cadaver number so that the remains, the site number and the new
cadaver number can be related.
In addition to a general photograph showing these two labels on the body, further photography should
be carried out at this stage as considered necessary, either for identification purposes or to record unusual
damage or features about the clothing (e.g. stains), which could be of significance to the accident
investigation. Only rarely will there be such features whose likely importance is obvious at this stage but it
is a good rule to take too many photographs rather than too few and to be as comprehensive in written record
as the size of the whole task load will allow.
The next step is for clothing and personal possessions on the body to be removed, examined and
catalogued. Jewellery and other personal possessions should be preserved for further examination and
ultimate disposal to relatives; other items may need to be preserved as evidence. Much of this task is for
identification purposes. It is desirable to examine and keep fragments of any distinctive garment, laundry
marks, manufacturers’ labels and so forth. The pathologist will examine the garments before, as, and after
they are removed for evidence significant to the accident investigation; such evidence will generally be
either unusual staining or damage that can be related to injury to the body and which may have arisen in
some unusual way, e.g. from an explosive device in a case of sabotage.
The unclothed body must now be carefully examined externally by the pathologist. All external features
of possible help in identification of the body must be observed and recorded. A general assessment of
injuries can be made with particular attention being given to any that appear unusual. Any that could be due
to fragments of an explosive device should be examined with special care and samples taken from around
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Manual of Civil Aviation Medicine 2(128)
