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paragraph 4 states:
“4.2 ….States should take preparatory action, as appropriate, for
facilitating timely introduction of contingency arrangements. Such
preparatory action should include:
. . .
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — March 2010 III-18-6
b) assessment of risk to civil air traffic due to military conflict
or acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation as well as a review
of the likelihood and possible consequences of natural disasters or
public health emergencies. …;”
Similarly, Annex 14 includes, from 2009, public health emergencies as an example of an emergency
that should be included in an aerodrome emergency plan:
“9.1.2 The aerodrome emergency plan shall provide for the
coordination of the actions to be taken in an emergency occurring at
an aerodrome or in its vicinity.
Note 1.— Examples of emergencies are: aircraft emergencies,
sabotage including bomb threats, unlawfully seized aircraft,
dangerous goods occurrences, building fires, natural disaster and
public health emergencies.”
NOTIFICATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY AT DESTINATION
The IHR (2005) includes an Article that addresses the notification of the “competent authority” at
destination. Article 28 (4) of the IHR (2005) states:
Officers in command of ships or pilots-in-command of aircraft, or
their agents, shall make known to the port or airport control as early
as possible before arrival at the port or airport of destination any
cases of illness indicative of a disease of an infectious nature or
evidence of a public health risk on board as soon as such illnesses or
public health risks are made known to the officer or pilot. This
information must be immediately relayed to the competent authority
for the port or airport. In urgent circumstances, such information
should be communicated directly by the officers or pilots to the
relevant port or airport authority.
This is an example of where the aviation medicine specialist can work with the public health officer to
ensure the appropriate interpretation of this Article. The aim is to facilitate the timely notification of
the public health officer at destination of an arrival of a suspected communicable disease on-board an
aircraft. However, the wording of the Article is not clear with respect to how this should be carried
out in practice. The term “airport control” is not one that is readily recognized in aviation, and
pilots-in-command do not normally have the ability to contact “directly” the “relevant port or airport
authority.”
The challenge in ensuring that the public health authority at destination is notified in a timely manner
has been addressed by ICAO. ICAO Annex 913, paragraph 8.15 states:
“8.15 The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that a
suspected communicable disease is reported promptly to air traffic
control, in order to facilitate provision for the presence of any special
medical personnel and equipment necessary for the management of
public health risks on arrival.”
This specific requirement for the pilot-in-command to notify air traffic control (which can then notify
the destination aerodrome) makes the process explicit and simple – it can be followed anywhere in the
world as pilots are virtually always in direct communication with an air traffic controller. It is more
reliable than other communication channels that may be available to the pilot (such as company radio
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — March 2010 III-18-7
frequencies). The detailed procedure to be followed by the pilot-in-command and by the air traffic
services unit receiving the information has been included in the ICAO Procedures for Air Navigation
Services – Air Traffic Management14 and is attached to this chapter as an Appendix. Note that once the
public health authority has been notified of the expected arrival of a communicable disease case,
further communication with the aircraft as it approaches the airport should be made through the
aircraft operator’s company frequency, and not via air traffic control (since the latter communication
system should be maintained primarily for flight safety purposes).
COOPERATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF
SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE THROUGH AIR TRAVEL (CAPSCA)
In order to assist States and other stakeholders to implement the SARPs, procedures and guidelines
associated with preparedness planning in the aviation sector, ICAO established the CAPSCA project
in 2006. Assisted by funding from States and the United Nations Central Fund for Influenza Action15,
CAPSCA undertakes training of local officers and evaluations (primarily for gap analysis - comparing
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Manual of Civil Aviation Medicine 2(120)
