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it is in a steady fiight with uniform speed, the principles ofstatic equilibrium can be
applied, and this forms the subject matter of Chapter 3. The discussion is focused
on concepts such as longitudinal and lateral-directional stability, determination of
control surface defiections for trim, hinge moments, and stick force gradients for
various fiight conditions. A brief discussion is included on the concept of relaxed
static stability.
Chapter 4 deals with airplane dynamics, starting with the derivation of equa-
tions of motion and a discussion on var:ious coordinate systems. The equations of
motion are derived using the moving axes theorem, and then simplrfications are
introduced to obtain the well- known small disturbance, decoupled equations for
the longitudinal and lateral-directional motions. The concept of stability and con-
trol derivatives is introduced. Simple metbods based on strip theory are presented
for the evaluation of stability and control derivatives that should be helpful for
understanding the physical principles involved in airplane motion. Also included
is a discussion of engineering methods based on Datcom (Data Compendium) for
the estimation of the stability and control derivatives.
Chapter 5 presents a brief review of the linear system theory and design with an
objective to provide the background material for understandi:g airplane response
'\
and design of stability augmentation systems and'autopilots. The discussion covers
the frequency domain methods like Nyquist and Bode plots, time domain methods
like the root-locus, modern state-space methods, and the design of various types
~
of compensators.
Chapter 6 discusses airplane response and methods of closed-loop control of the
airplane. The longitudinal and lateral-directional stability and response to various
control inputs are discussed. Also discussed briefiy are the concept of handling
qualities, design of various longitudinal and Iateral-directional stability augmen-
tation systems, and autopilots to meet the desired level of handling qualities.
The problems of inertial coupling and airplane spin are discussed in Chapter
7. These are the typical examples of fiight conditions where the longitudinal and
Iateral-directional motions ofFthe airplane are coupled due to inefflaFterms in the
equations of motion. The discussion includes the basic principles of inertia cou-
pling, divergence in pitch or yaw, and methods of preventing inertia coupling.
The discussion on spinning motion includes kinematics of spin, steady-state spin,
reco'very, and metho~s ofimproving spin resistance.
The problems of stability and control at high angles of attack are discussed in
Chapter- 8. The discussion is focused on the rugh angle-of-attack aerodynamics
of slender fuselages and delta wings, which are characteristic of modern com-
bat aircraft. The discussion includes phenomena such as wing rock caused by
wings and slender forebodies, methods of suppressing wing rock, directional di-
vergencddeparture, roll reversal, and modern concepts of forebody fiow control
and thrust vectoring.
Effortis made to present a number ofsolved examples toillustrate the theory and
basic principles. Also, several exercise problems are included to help the reader
develop problem-solving skills. It is hoped that this text wiU be useful to the
students of aerospace engineering and serve as a useful reference to the practicing
aerospace engineer.
Iwould like to express my sincere thanks to several ofmy friends and colleagues
whose help was of crucial importance in the preparation of the material presented
in this text. First, I am extremely thankful to all my students, who have actually
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