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d. The pilot needs to be aware that the masthead may dig into the soft turf like an anchor, stretching
the rope, and sometimes breaking it.
e. Only jettisonable grapple hooks should be used for banner tow operations.
IV. Oversize Banners Towed by Helicopters. Extremely large banners using long suspension
ropes and heavily weighted bags for flight positioning require additional review. The operator
should take into account the lowest point on the trailing banner when determining a helicopter’s
correct flight altitude. For safety purposes, the altitude should be sufficient for the aircraft and
trailing banner to comply with section 91.119(b)(c). Some banners may extend as much as 250 feet
behind the aircraft.
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CHAPTER 5. BANNER TOW AIRCRAFT
Certain procedures for towing should be observed in addition to normal flight rules and safety
measures. Tow at the lowest airspeed that provides adequate engine cooling, positive control, and a
safe margin over stall. The drag of the banner increases in proportion to the square of an increase in
speed; an increase in airspeed of 10% will produce a 20% increase in drag, requiring more power.
Wear of the banner equipment will also be greater at the higher speeds.
During towing operations the engine must work harder than normal. Watch the airspeed indicator
and work toward finding the best tow speed for the airplane. At towing speeds, a climb prop is
more efficient than a cruise prop. Use the flattest pitch and largest prop diameter allowable for the
engine and airplane. Slow flight may reduce engine cooling on some airplanes, with resultant
cylinder head temperature increase, although oil temperatures may not be up significantly.
On some airplanes, a slight extension of flaps helps by effectively increasing the attack angle of the
wings, allowing the nose to be a little lower for better visibility and engine cooling.
AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS. No person may operate an aircraft used in banner towing
unless:
The aircraft has a current annual inspection in accordance with 14 CFR part 43 or has received an
inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 CFR part 21.
A tow hitch release system is installed using methods, techniques, and practices approved by the
Administrator (type certificate data sheets, aircraft specifications, aircraft manufacturer’s kits, STC,
FAA field approvals, AC 43.13-2A, etc.).
A safety link or other safety device is installed between the tow hitch release and banner assembly.
This device must be designed to break away at loads no greater than the structural design limits of
the tow release system.
A guard or other protective device is installed to prevent the grapple hook assembly from draping
across the rudder horn and/or tailwheel when the grapple hook is dropped.
OPERATION OF BANNER TOW AIRCRAFT WITH DOOR REMOVED. When an aircraft
is used for a special purpose such as banner towing, the operator may determine it is advantageous
to operate the aircraft with a door removed. If an operator wishes to operate an aircraft with a door
removed, the operator should contact the local FSDO for guidance.
Owners or operators interested in obtaining an authorization for those aircraft listed in AC 105-2C
and Form 7711-2, should forward a written request to the FSDO that has jurisdiction over the area
in which operations are to be conducted.
The request should contain the following information:
• Name and address of the registered owner
• The make, model, serial number, and registration number of the aircraft
5-1
• The location where the aircraft is normally based
• The reason for the aircraft to be operated with the door removed
A copy of the operating limitations will be forwarded to FAA Aircraft Registry, Oklahoma City,
OK for enclosure into the aircraft historic file.
AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS FOR BANNER TOW AIRCRAFT.
An aircraft that is in full compliance with its type design and has an FAA-approved banner tow
installation may be operated under a standard airworthiness certificate for banner towing purposes.
An aircraft that has a standard airworthiness certificate and is modified for a special purpose
operation may have a multiple airworthiness certificate (standard/restricted) when the following
conditions occur:
The special purpose modification does not meet the type design.
The special purpose modification is not approved for standard category use.
The aircraft will be operated outside the normal category operating limitations. (Order 8130.2D,
dated 9/30/99.)
I. Airworthiness Certificates.
When aircraft are used for special purposes such as Aerial Advertising, a Special Airworthiness
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