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TRAINING FOR BANNER TOW OPERATIONS. Before operating under the terms of the
authorization, the holder of the authorization should ensure that all pilots satisfactorily complete
ground and flight training applicable to the aircraft used and review 14 CFR sections appropriate to
such operations, terms, and special provisions of the authorization. A proficiency flight check in one of
the aircraft to be used for banner towing should also be conducted. This proficiency flight check
typically includes the commercial pilot operations listed in the Commercial Pilot Practical Test
Standards, flight at critically slow airspeeds, maximum performance maneuvers, and emergency
procedures to include equipment malfunctions and specific banner towing safety procedures. This
training should include procedures that will allow the pilot to conduct a go-around in the event the
banner does not properly release during drop-offs. See Figure 4-1, Suggestions for Banner Tow
Training Syllabus; a suggested training program outline. Ground support personnel should also receive
training appropriate to the banner tow operation.
Pilots authorized to operate aircraft with multiple release systems, should receive training that includes
methods to visually verify:
• Hook and release mechanisms prior to each pickup and drop-off.
• That release handles are numbered in sequence and positioned in a manner that will allow the
pilot to activate all handles.
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• That the rack or other device used to secure grapple hooks to the aircraft should be labeled in a
letter or number sequence that is easily recognizable by the pilot while airborne to correspond
with the appropriate release handle
• That before being authorized to operate an aircraft with a multiple release system, it is required
that each pilot be trained to proficiency and certified for multiple release systems by a qualified
instructor pilot
Training records should be kept for a minimum of 14 months and made available for inspection by the
Administrator upon request.
The holder of the Certificate of Authorization shall maintain and keep current at the home base of
operations designated in the application, the following records:
• The date of each banner tow service
• The N number of aircraft used for each operation conducted
• The name, address and certificate number of each pilot used in banner towing operations and
the date the pilot met the knowledge and skill requirements and completed the flight
proficiency check described in Figure 4-1, Suggestions for Banner Tow Training Syllabus
• NOTE: If the company invoice has all the above-required information, the invoice would
suffice for this record.
These records must be kept for a minimum of 14 months and made available for inspection by
the Administrator upon request.
RULES TO FOLLOW FOR FLIGHT OPERATIONS. Operations around congested areas or
around open-air assembly of persons shall be executed in accordance with a planned course of action
with emphasis on selection and availability of emergency landing areas. Due to the area around which
such operations are usually conducted (congested areas/open-air assembly of persons), the pilot will
exercise special precautions to ensure compliance with section 91.119(a)(b)(c). Operations around
congested areas/open-air assemblies must be no lower than 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle. The
operator should take into account the lowest point on the trailing banner when determining a
helicopter’s correct flight altitude. For safety purposes, the altitude should be sufficient for the aircraft
and trailing banner to comply with section 91.119(b)(c). Some banners may extend more than 250 feet
behind the aircraft. Operations may be within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet and operations
elsewhere shall be in compliance with section 91.119(c). Section 91.119(d) is not applicable to
helicopters under the terms of this authorization except near open air assemblies.
NOTE: Due to Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) requirements, distances laterally may be limited
to no closer then 3 statue miles.
When banner tow operations are conducted at stadiums, the following limitations are to be included in
the certificate of waiver.
• At no time shall an aircraft fly across a stadium. All flights must be outside the stadium
boundary. Check NOTAMs for any TFR requirements.
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• An aircraft overtaking another aircraft shall pass to the outside and well clear of the overtaken
aircraft.
• The direction of flight around a stadium will be established by local policy.
When banner tow operations are being conducted along ocean front beach areas, lakes or rivers, the
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