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Figure 3-2. FAA Form 7711-2, Application for Certificate of Waiver
or Authorization (Back)................................................................................................ 3-3
CHAPTER 4. BANNER TOW SPECIAL PROVISIONS
Administration .............................................................................................................. 4-1
Training for Banner Tow Operations............................................................................ 4-2
Rules to Follow for Flight Operations .......................................................................... 4-3
Figure 4-1. Suggestions for Banner Tow Training Syllabus ........................................ 4-5
Figure 4-2. Sample of Pre-Flight and Post-Flight Checklist of Banner
Tow Equipment............................................................................................................. 4-6
CHAPTER 5. BANNER TOW AIRCRAFT
Aircraft Requirements................................................................................................... 5-1
Operation of Banner Tow Aircraft with Door Removed.............................................. 5-1
Airworthiness Requirements for Banner Tow Aircraft ................................................ 5-2
iii (and iv)
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
This publication provides information on safety recommendations and available procedures to assist
individuals in Banner Tow Operations.
TERMINOLOGY. For the purpose of this publication, the following terminology is applied.
Aerial Pickup Towline. The line connecting the grapple hook to the banner. The line is made of
non-stretching material, extended length 250 ft. (76 m) is provided with an endless loop at forward
end and snap at aft end for connecting to mast assembly bridle ring.
Banner. A banner is an advertising medium supported by a temporary framework attached
externally to an aircraft and towed behind that aircraft.
Grapple Hook and Cable Assembly. The device used to engage the towline when making an
aerial pickup launch; consists of a ring on forward end (which connects to the tow-hitch) connected
by a line to a multi-prong bar on aft end, provided with a safety link at forward end.
Mast Assembly or Lead Pole. A rigid pole that connects to the front of the banner and is equipped
with bridle lines that join at a collector ring to which the towline couples. The mast stabilizes the
banner and controls roll attitude. Only non-conductive materials are to be used.
Rudder Guard or Vee Bar. A device attached to the aft fuselage to guide the grapple line away
from the tailwheel or control surface horns.
Safety Link. A weak link contained in the towing apparatus as recommended by FAA
AC 43.13-2A. The link is strong enough for towing, but breaking strength is low enough to protect
airplane and pilot in the event of an accidental overload.
Spring Keeper. A short length of spring attached to the bottom of the horizontal stabilizer or
empennage.
Swim Line. A designated distance from the shoreline, which has an outer limit within which
people would normally swim. This distance is usually set at 180 feet from shore.
Takeoff Launch Towline. Similar to Aerial Pickup Towline, but used for takeoff launch. Ring on
forward end of towline couples to tow hitch, followed by stiffened section of the line that avoids
fouling of the tailwheel. Made of non-stretching materials, this type of towline is normally 350 ft.
(107 m) long.
Tow Hitch. The tow release mechanism and its mounting fixture that is normally attached to the
tail of the airplane, serves as a point of attachment for all trailing equipment, and has a remote
control release from the cockpit. Term usually includes the cockpit control.
1-1 (and 1-2)
CHAPTER 2. EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION SAFETY ISSUES
GRAPPLE HOOK DEPLOYMENT. A crucial event during banner tow operations is the
deployment of the grapple hook. The grapple hook should be released in such a manner that it, or
the grapple line, does not snarl in aircraft control surfaces or landing gear, to include the tailwheel,
in conventional gear configurations. The hook line must be observed to have clearance before
every low approach. If the grapple line becomes snarled on the tailwheel or a control surface, a
reduction in the capability of the pilot to control the airplane may occur. In a worst case scenario,
movement of the rudder or elevator control surface may be limited or even jammed. Further, the
pilot may not be able to release the grapple line because of the entanglement. The best cure is
prevention.
PREVENTION OF GRAPPLE LINE ENTANGLEMENT. Depending upon aircraft
configuration, several devices can be used to help avoid entanglement.
The tow hitch end of the grapple line can be stiffened to prevent it from looping around the
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