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turf like an anchor, stretching the tow line, and sometimes breaking it. If the tow line breaks, the
sudden release of energy will cause the airplane to pitch down and a nose over condition may occur.
This condition can be countered by maintaining back pressure on the flight controls and adding full
power once the drag caused by the masthead is experienced. After the airplane is again stabilized,
the power is reduced.
MULTIPLE TOW HITCHES. When multiple tow hitches are used, an airplane may tow a
succession of banners without having to land and reinstall a grapple line after every drop. A bank
of as many as four or five tow hitches may be installed on the aircraft and a grapple line is affixed to
each. These lines are stowed within reach of the pilot in the same manner as previously discussed.
Care must be taken to prevent multiple lines from tangling, and since the pilot will be confronted by
a multitude of grapples and hitch releases, each line and release should be positively matched to
prevent confusion in the event of an emergency. The length of flights and fuel consumption should
be considered in determining how many hooks will be added to a multiple tow hitch. See
Figure 2-4, Examples of Multiple Grapple Hook Installation.
2-2
BOOM-HOOK SYSTEM.
An alternative to the multiple tow hitch system is a boom pickup system. A typical installation
consists of a rigid boom pivoted aft of the landing gear, approximately the length of the aft fuselage.
The boom is equipped with a hook that can be used to snag the towline and pickup the banner. A
retract cable is employed to stow the boom under the fuselage during takeoff and landing.
The boom system eliminates the multiple grapple line of the multiple hitch system as well as the
problems previously discussed concerning grapple line snarling and grapple bounce. On the
negative side, due to the relatively short length of the boom, the airplane must be flown more
carefully during the banner pickup and high enough to avoid snagging the towline with the landing
gear yet low enough to engage the bridle with the hook. Turbulence can cause the hook to bounce
while in the normal trail position and it may swing from side to side in a crosswind.
2-3
FIGURE 2-1. EXAMPLES OF A PLASTIC GARDEN HOSE INSTALLATION
2-4
FIGURE 2-2. EXAMPLES OF A VEE BAR
2-5
FIGURE 2-3. EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL TOWROPE
CONFIGURATION, STOWED FOR DEPLOYMENT
2-6
2-7 (and 2-8)
FIGURE 2-4. EXAMPLES OF MULTIPLE GRAPPLE HOOK INSTALLATION
CHAPTER 3. FAA FORM 7711-2, APPLICATION FOR
CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER OR AUTHORIZATION
Items from FAA Form 7711-2 are explained below for the purpose of uniformity.
FRONT SIDE OF FORM.
Items 1 and 2, Name of Organization/Name or Responsible Person. If you are a representative
of an organization, the organization’s name should appear in Item 1. Your name and title or
position as the organization’s representative, for application purposes, should appear in Item 2. If
you are not representing an organization, the term N/A should be entered in Item 1 and your name
entered in Item 2.
Item 3, Permanent Mailing Address. Permanent mailing address of the organization or
responsible person entered in Item 2.
Item 4, Title 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.311, Minimum Safe Altitudes: General, to be Waived.
List all sections of the regulations to be waived.
Item 5, Detailed Description of Proposed Operations. It is sufficient to use the term aerial
advertising/banner tow operations for a description. However, additional information may be included.
Item 6, Area of Operation. Identify the geographic areas of the intended banner tow operation.
Item 7, Time Period. List the beginning dates and hours and ending dates and hours when the banner
tow operations will be conducted. The maximum time period for operations that can be waived is
24 calendar months. The application should be submitted to the Flight Standards District Office
(FSDO) at least 30 days before the beginning date of the banner tow operation or for renewal. If the
application is for a one-time banner tow operation, it is advisable to request an alternate date for the
operation. Alternate dates should be listed in this item. If there are any questions, please contact the
FSDO.
Item 8, Aircraft Make and Model. List the names of all pilots, their certificate numbers, ratings,
home addresses, and the makes and models of all aircraft that will be used in the banner tow operation.
If the type of aircraft and/or the names of the pilots are not known at the time the application is
submitted, the FAA will accept the application with the statement, “A list containing aircraft and/or
pilot information will be furnished on [date].”
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Banner Tow Operations(4)
