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data is shown on the pilot and copilots’ PFDs, and backup reversionary navigation display.
The unit receives unmodulated-voice / tone-modulated carrier or keyed carrier transmissions from Non-
Directional Beacons or AM stations, then calculates the station bearing, relative to the nose of the aircraft, as an output.
Using the beat frequency oscillator (BFO) function, the receiver produces a bearing to the station and also produces a 1020
Hz output tone when a carrier is present, in addition to the residual audio/noise from the detected carrier. A data-load option
may be included so that the BFO audio output will be “clean”, i.e., contain no noise, even under low signal
strength conditions.
NAVIGATION
Sep 13/2004 Flight Crew Operating Manual Volume 2
REV 1 CSP 100-6 17-01-07
MODE S TRANSPONDER SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
The Mode S transponder system consists of two Mode S transponder units. Only one transponder unit is active at any one
time, while the other has a standby role. The transponder system supplies ATC, or a traffic alert and collision avoidance
system (TCAS) equipped aircraft with aircraft identification and altitude data in response to an interrogation. The transponder
used with TCAS is equipped with two paired antennas to transmit and receive interrogations above and below the aircraft
without the signal being masked by the airframe.
The transponder will go into ident mode for approximately 18 seconds when the ID function key is pushed and the annunciator
illuminates.
COMPONENTS AND OPERATION
ATC ANTENNAS
Each transponder system has two paired antennas. Each system has an upper and lower antenna located on the forward
fuselage.
TRANSPONDER MODES
ATC/TCAS mode selection is as follows:
- STBY
- TA/RA
- TA ONLY
- ALT ON
- ALT OFF
Selecting STBY on either MFD causes the TCAS to go to standby mode. At system power up on the ground, the system
powers up in standby mode.
TA/RA is the normal TCAS mode. When TA/RA mode is set, the TCAS computer generates intruder traffic symbology
and resolution advisory vertical speed fly to commands. The intruder traffic symbology shows on the PFD and/or MFD
when selected. RA vertical speed fly to commands show on the PFD vertical speed scale when commanded by the TCAS.
RAs are not displayed when TA ONLY is the active mode. This annunciation is displayed in cyan when TA ONLY mode
is selected. This annunciation turns yellow and flashes when a TA is present.
ALT ON mode is used when ATC transponder mode C operation is desired, but TCAS operation is not. The TCAS computer
does not show traffic on the displays, does not issue resolution advisories, and the ATC transponder does not reply to
other aircraft TCAS interrogations. Mode C is not reported when interrogated by ATC.
ALT OFF mode is used when TCAS and ATC transponder operation is not desired. The TCAS computer does not show
traffic on the displays, does not issue resolution advisories, and the ATC transponder does not reply to other aircraft TCAS
interrogations. Also, mode C is not reported when interrogated by ATC.
NAVIGATION
Volume 2 Flight Crew Operating Manual Sep 13/2004
17-01-08 CSP 100-6 REV 1
TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (TCAS)
DESCRIPTION
The TCAS II system is an airborne traffic alert and collision avoidance system that interrogates transponders in nearby aircraft
and uses computer processing to identify and display potential and predicted collision threats. The system protects a
volume of airspace around the TCAS equipped aircraft. The system provides appropriate aural and visual advisories to the
flight crew to provide adequate separation when the computer analysis of intruding aircraft transponder replies predicts a
penetration of the protected airspace. The TCAS II system provides two types of advisories. A traffic advisory (TA) indicates
the relative position of an intruding aircraft that is approximately 35 seconds from the closest point of approach and
may, a short time later require a resolution advisory (RA). The TA provides the flight crew with the opportunity to visually
acquire the intruding aircraft. An RA will produce a threat resolution in the form of a vertical maneuver that will increase
separation when the computer predicts the intruder aircraft is within approximately 25 seconds from the closest point
of approach.
The TCAS II system can only generate resolution advisories for intruders equipped with operative Mode C or better transponders,
which provide information on the altitude of the intruder. Traffic advisories, which display the relative position
of the intruder, can be generated for aircraft with operative transponders. The TCAS II equipment is viewed as a supplement
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