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c) the occurrence of volcanic activity observed by air
traffic services personnel or reported by aircraft; and
d) any other information considered to be of operational
significance.
2.20.2 Before introducing changes to the air navigation
system, due account shall be taken by the services responsible
for such changes of the time needed by the aeronautical information
service for the preparation, production and issuance of
relevant material for promulgation. To ensure timely provision
of the information to the aeronautical information service, close
coordination between those services concerned is therefore
required.
2.20.3 Of particular importance are changes to aeronautical
information that affect charts and/or computer-based
navigation systems which qualify to be notified by the
Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC)
system, as specified in Annex 15, Chapter 6 and Appendix 4.
The predetermined, internationally agreed AIRAC effective
dates in addition to 14 days postage time shall be observed by
the responsible air traffic services when submitting the raw
information/data to aeronautical information services.
2.20.4 The air traffic services responsible for the provision
of raw aeronautical information/data to the aeronautical information
services shall do so while taking into account accuracy
and integrity requirements for aeronautical data as specified in
Appendix 5 to this Annex.
Note 1.— Specifications for the issue of a NOTAM,
SNOWTAM and ASHTAM are contained in Annex 15,
Chapter 5.
Note 2.— Reports of volcanic activity comprise the information
detailed in Annex 3, Chapter 4.
Note 3.— AIRAC information is distributed by the
aeronautical information service at least 42 days in advance
of the AIRAC effective dates with the objective of reaching
recipients at least 28 days in advance of the effective date.
Note 4.— The schedule of the predetermined, internationally
agreed AIRAC common effective dates at intervals
of 28 days, including 6 November 1997, and guidance for the
AIRAC use are contained in the Aeronautical Information
Services Manual (Doc 8126, Chapter 3, 3.1 and Chapter 4,
4.4).
2.21 Minimum flight altitudes
Minimum flight altitudes shall be determined and promulgated
by each Contracting State for each ATS route and control area
Chapter 2 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services
2-9 1/11/01
over its territory. The minimum flight altitudes determined
shall provide a minimum clearance above the controlling
obstacle located within the areas concerned.
Note.— The requirements for publication by States of
minimum flight altitudes and of the criteria used to determine
them are contained in Annex 15, Appendix I. Detailed obstacle
clearance criteria are contained in PANS-OPS (Doc 8168),
Volume I, Part VI and Volume II, Part III and Part VI.
2.22 Service to aircraft in the event
of an emergency
2.22.1 An aircraft known or believed to be in a state of
emergency, including being subjected to unlawful interference,
shall be given maximum consideration, assistance and
priority over other aircraft as may be necessitated by the
circumstances.
Note.— To indicate that it is in a state of emergency, an
aircraft equipped with an appropriate data link capability and/
or an SSR transponder might operate the equipment as
follows:
a) on Mode A, Code 7700; or
b) on Mode A, Code 7500, to indicate specifically that it is
being subjected to unlawful interference; or
c) activate the appropriate emergency and/or urgency
capability of ADS; or
d) transmit the appropriate emergency message via CPDLC.
2.22.1.1 Recommendation.— In communications between
ATS units and aircraft in the event of an emergency, Human
Factors principles should be observed.
Note.— Guidance material on Human Factors principles can
be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
2.22.2 When an occurrence of unlawful interference with
an aircraft takes place or is suspected, ATS units shall attend
promptly to requests by the aircraft. Information pertinent to
the safe conduct of the flight shall continue to be transmitted
and necessary action shall be taken to expedite the conduct of
all phases of the flight, especially the safe landing of the
aircraft.
2.23 In-flight contingencies
2.23.1 Strayed or unidentified aircraft
Note 1.— The terms “strayed aircraft” and “unidentified
aircraft” in this paragraph have the following meanings:
Strayed aircraft. An aircraft which has deviated significantly
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