DEVELOPMENT OF FAST-TIME SIMULATION TECHNIQUES(22)

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A focused interview with an experienced pilot from a major airline was conducted to learn about typical flight crew’s response upon being informed of potential CAT in their vicinity.  The interview results served as a basis for identifying and classifying the various levels of turbulence.  Results are presented in Appendix B.  
The responses investigated included the following actions:
Turning the seat-belt sign on

Suggesting that flight attendants get seated

Slowing the aircraft down to the turbulence penetration Mach number

Requesting vertical deviation upon entering (or upon developing expectations of entering) a turbulence area for an unknown amount of time, and without having identified the ride quality at alternate cruising altitudes 

Requesting vertical deviation upon entering (or upon developing expectations of entering) a turbulence area for an unknown amount of time, but in a situation where the ride quality at alternate altitudes has been identified

The various sources of information about a potential or actual CAT encounter were grouped into the following items:
CAT experienced

CAT sensor warning

PIREP emitted at the same altitude as the subject aircraft

PIREP emitted at a different altitude than the subject aircraft, but within 2,000 feet from the subject aircraft’s altitude

PIREP emitted at a different altitude than the subject aircraft, but within 4,000 feet from the subject aircraft’s altitude

Based on the results of the focused interview, the usual descriptions of the various turbulence levels were reclassified into the three levels of turbulence intensity defined in the model, as shown in Table III-4.
 
Table III-4  Reclassification of Turbulence Levels Based on Focused Interview Results
Actual Turbulence Levels
 Corresponding Turbulence Intensity Modeled in Experiment
 
Occasional Light Chop
 No Turbulence
 
Intermittent Light Chop
 Light
 
Continuous Light Chop
 Light
 
Occasional Light Turbulence
 Light
 
Intermittent Light Turbulence
 Light
 
Continuous Light Turbulence
 Moderate
 
Occasional Moderate Chop
 Light
 
Intermittent Moderate Chop
 Moderate
 
Continuous Moderate Chop
 Moderate
 
Occasional Moderate Turbulence
 Moderate
 
Intermittent Moderate Turbulence
 Moderate
 
Continuous Moderate Turbulence
 Moderate
 
Severe Turbulence
 Severe
 
Extreme Turbulence
 Severe
 

 
Experimental Design
In addition to the experimental objectives associated with the development of the fast-time simulation capabilities mentioned in Chapter II, the following additional experimental objectives associated with the application of these capabilities to studying the effect of CAT sensor technology on air traffic operations and safety were identified:
To assess the impact of new CAT remote detection technology on the overall behavior of aircraft traffic in a sector affected by CAT

To assess the influence of varying CAT sensor range on the exposure to various turbulence intensity levels

To assess the influence of varying CAT sensor range on the cabin preparation upon turbulence penetration

To assess the influence of varying CAT sensor range on PIREPs propagation in an air traffic sector

Method
The planned fast-time simulation experiments model two independent variables:  the range of the CAT detection sensors, and the profile of CAT levels along planned aircraft paths.  The performance measures included aircraft exposure to CAT, flight crews’ and controllers’ response to the CAT events, and controller-pilot communications.
　
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