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OPERATING MANUAL
PRODUCTION AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 2A-34-00
Page 57
October 11/01
Revision 5
provide a larger protected area since traffic density is lower (and travelling
at higher speeds). A protected area is defined by closure rate to a Closest
Point of Approach (CPA). The protected area is expanded at close range to
compensate for low closure rates, for example when two airplanes are on
similar flight tracks at similar speeds, but the tracks differ sufficiently for the
airplane tracks to converge at some point at a low closure rate. The vertical
threshold of the protected area is expanded slightly at higher altitudes
corresponding with higher sensitivity levels. TCAS / ACAS software version
7.0 is compliant with RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums),
therefore the envelope size is predicated on vertical separations of 1,000
feet below FL 420 and vertical separation of 2,000 feet above FL 420. For
more specific information, consult the Honeywell Traffic Alert and Collision
Avoidance System (TCAS) Pilot’s Guide, publication number C28-3841-
005-00, dated September 1999 (or later approved revision).
If TCAS / ACAS determines that another airplane’s track will close within
the defined caution envelope, a Traffic Advisory in the format of an aural
message of “TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC” is annunciated over cockpit speakers
and interphones. Concurrently with the aural alert, the TCAS / ACAS
display will automatically “pop up” on DU #4 (the systems CAS display)
with conflicting traffic represented as a solid amber circle on the TCAS /
ACAS display. If traffic continues to close to within the warning envelope,
the traffic is displayed as a solid red square on the TCAS / ACAS display
accompanied by an aural message instructing the flight crew to take
evasive action. Visual cues are presented on the Primary Flight Display
(PFD) directing a change or restriction in vertical speed to avoid collision.
The aural instructions and PFD cues are termed Resolution Alerts (RAs).
After completion of the avoidance maneuver and traffic separation
distances increase beyond the alerting envelope, an aural message
“CLEAR OF TRAFFIC” is sounded, signalling the flight crew that they may
return to the previously assigned flight parameters. Traffic Advisories and
Resolution Alerts with accompanying display characteristics are discussed
in the Cockpit Displays and Aural Messages section below.
WARNING
DO NOT RELY SOLELY ON TCAS / ACAS OR AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR COLLISION AVOIDANCE:
• TCAS / ACAS CANNOT DETECT AIRPLANES
WITH INOPERATIVE OR NON-ICAO
COMPLIANT TRANSPONDERS
• TCAS / ACAS REQUIRES A VALID ON-BOARD
MODE S TRANSPONDER, A VALID
BAROMETRIC ALTIMETER SOURCE AND A
VALID RADIO ALTIMETER SOURCE
• TCAS / ACAS CAN PROVIDE RESOLUTION
ALERTS ONLY FOR AIRPLANES WITH
OPERATING ICAO COMPLIANT
TRANSPONDERS WITH ALTITUDE REPORTING
FUNCTIONS
• FOR AIRPLANES WITH ICAO TRANSPONDERS
OPERATING MANUAL
2A-34-00 PRODUCTION AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
Page 58
October 11/01
Revision 5
WITHOUT ALTITUDE REPORTING FUNCTIONS,
TCAS / ACAS CAN ONLY PROVIDE TRAFFIC
ADVISORIES
WARNING
TCAS / ACAS MAY NOT ALWAYS INHIBIT
RESOLUTION ALERT MANEUVER COMMANDS IN
FLIGHT REGIMES THAT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY
REDUCE STALL MARGINS. EXAMPLES ARE:
• BANK ANGLES EXCEEDING 15°
• ENGINE OUT (CREW SHOULD SELECT
TRAFFIC ADVISORIES ONLY ON DISPLAYS)
• ABNORMAL CONFIGURATIONS - SUCH AS
GEAR UN-RETRACTED WHICH WOULD LIMIT
AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE
• OPERATION AT TEMPERATURES BEYOND ISA
STANDARDS - ± 27.8°C (50°F)
• SPEEDS BELOW NORMAL OPERATING
SPEEDS
• AT BUFFET MARGINS LESS THAN 0.3 “G”
• DURING A TCAS / ACAS TO TCAS / ACAS
SENSE REVERSAL
C. Cockpit Displays and Aural Messages:
The TCAS / ACAS display on Display Unit (DU) #4 (CAS) is a map view
with a range of five (5) miles. At the center of the display is an airplane icon
surrounded by a ring of twelve (12) dots at a range of two (2) miles. The
dots represent clock positions and are shown as an aid in sighting detected
traffic. See the illustration in Figure 23.
When selected to the cockpit NAV displays, TCAS / ACAS is in MAP mode
and the range may by adjusted with the weather radar range controls on
the DCs. A typical display is shown in Figure 24. If TCAS / ACAS is tracking
a target that is outside of the selected display range, the target will be
shown at the perimeter of the display with only half (½) of the appropriate
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