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equal to or higher than airplane altitude, and green (in varied intensity) denotes
areas equal to or below airplane altitude.
NOTE:
The TERR INHIB switch on the O-RIDES panel on the
center pedestal, shown in Figure 9, will prevent the
“pop up” of the TAD. If TERR INHIB is selected, the
basic EGPWS modes 1 - 7 will continue to provide
terrain clearance / windshear alerts, but indications will
be limited to aural alerts over speakers and interphone
and visual text alerts on the PFD.
Features of the Terrain Awareness Display include the following:
• Obstacles are displayed on the TAD when the airplane’s flight path will
conflict with any of the known obstacles in the EGPWS database. (The
database does not include temporary man-made obstacles covered in
NOTAMS).
• A Terrain Peaks feature enhances situational awareness with a digital
readout of elevations of the highest and lowest terrain and additional color
gradations to further define terrain.
• A Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF) feature alerts the crew of a premature
descent based upon current airplane position relative to the nearest
runway. The TCF feature is useful in non-precision approaches and is
enabled with TAD.
• On airplanes with EGPWS software build -210 -210 (SN 1426 and
subsequent), a Runway Field Clearance Floor (RFCF) feature based on
airplane position and height above destination runway using a computed
Geometric Altitude (GA) provides improved safety margins at locations
where the runway is higher than surrounding terrain.
• Geometric Altitude is computed blend of altitude information including GPS
data, and at lower altitudes enhanced with Radio Altitude, to reduce or
eliminate altimeter errors induced by non standard atmospheric conditions
or reference setting errors.
• A EGPWS Envelope Modulation feature is incorporated that compensates
for terrain and obstacles at some airports that have historically generated
nuisance alerts, or that have environmental characteristics that inhibit
needed alerts.
OPERATING MANUAL
PRODUCTION AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 2A-34-00
Page 25
October 11/01
Revision 5
3. Basic Mode Functions:
NOTE:
Basic modes 1 - 6 require radio altimeter information
to function. If radio altimeter information is not
available, the TAD will continue to provide terrain
awareness using Geometric Altitude (GA) inputs (see
the discussion of GA in the following text).
A. Mode 1: Excessive Descent Rate:
Excessive descent rate alerts and warnings are generated when the
descent is too steep for the margin of altitude below the airplane. The alert
/ warning envelope upper boundary is approximately 2,500’ radio altitude,
and within the envelope, the alert / warning logic is biased for the amount of
recovery time for the hazardous condition. See Figure 10. At 2,500’ a
descent of approximately 4500 feet per minute (FPM) would initiate a
“SINK RATE, SINK RATE” aural alert annunciation, and a descent of
approximately 7000 FPM would prompt a “WHOOP, WHOOP, PULL UP”
aural warning and the text PULL UP in red is displayed on the PFD. At
lower radio altitudes, corresponding lower rates of descent will initiate
alerts and warnings, and the envelope margin between alerts and warnings
narrows.
If a valid Instrument Landing System (ILS) front course signal has been
tuned and received, and the airplane is descending to capture the
glideslope from above, the margin of the SINK RATE alert envelope is
desensitized to prevent unwanted alerts when the airplane is in a safe
position to capture (or recapture) the glideslope.
B. Mode 2: Excessive Terrain Closure Rate:
Mode 2 is the inverse of Mode 1 in that in this instance the airplane is in
level flight, but is in danger of impacting rapidly rising terrain. Mode 2 is
also based on radio altitude and the alert / warning envelope predicated
upon closure rates and time remaining for evasive maneuvers. Mode 2 is
split into two sub-modes with different parameters depending upon airplane
configuration.
Sub-mode 2A is operable during climbout, cruise and initial approach
(defined as flaps not in landing configuration and airplane not on ILS
centerline). See the envelope shown in Figure 11. In these circumstances,
if the airplane approaches rising terrain at a speed such that avoidance
time is limited, initially an aural “TERRAIN, TERRAIN” alert message is
prompted, and an amber TERRAIN text message is displayed on the PFD.
If conditions deteriorate such that ground contact is imminent, an aural
“WHOOP, WHOOP, PULL UP, PULL UP” warning is heard over cockpit
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湾流4操作手册 Gulfstream IV Operating Manual 2(114)
