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of flight and airspeed. Mode 4 requires radio altitude, computed airspeed, gear position and flap
position inputs. The alert and warning envelopes are based on minimum allowable terrain
clearance, as a function of computed airspeed.
Mode 4 is divided into 3 submodes: Mode 4A, Mode 4B and Mode 4C.
• Mode 4A – Active when the airplane is in cruise or approach phase of flight, and the
landing gear is not in the landing position. The alert envelope for Mode 4A begins at
30 feet AGL, and extends vertically to an altitude of 500 feet AGL. Penetration of the
alert area, above 190 knots (the upper boundary increases with airspeed to a maximum
of 1,000 feet radio altitude at 250 knots or more) will display GND PROX on the PFDs,
and generate an aural “TOO LOW TERRAIN” warning. Penetration of the alert area,
below 190 knots, will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and generate an aural “TOO
LOW GEAR” warning. The aural and visual warnings remain until the airplane exits the
envelope.
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Description
Vol. 2 17−10−18
Oct 05/06
CL−605 Flight Crew Operating Manual
PSP 605−6
TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) (CONT'D)
TAWS Mode 4A
Figure 17−10−16
• Mode 4B – Active when the airplane is in cruise or approach phase of flight, and the
landing gear is in the landing position, with flaps not in the landing configuration. The
alert envelope for Mode 4B extends vertically to an altitude of 245 feet AGL. Penetration
of the alert area, above 159 knots, will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and generate a
continuous aural “TOO LOW TERRAIN” warning. The aural and visual warnings remain
until the airplane exits the envelope. Penetration of the alert area, below 159 knots, will
display GND PROX on the PFDs, and generate an aural “TOO LOW FLAP” warning.
These alerts can be deactivated by pressing the FLAPS OFF switch/light on the TAWS
WARNING panel.
TAWS Mode 4B
Figure 17−10−17
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Description
Vol. 2 17−10−19
Oct 05/06
CL−605 Flight Crew Operating Manual
PSP 605−6
TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) (CONT'D)
TAWS WARNING Panel & Locator
Figure 17−10−18
• Mode 4C is based on a minimum terrain clearance, or floor, that increases with radio
altitude during takeoff. At takeoff, the minimum terrain clearance (MTC) is at zero feet.
As the aircraft ascends, the MTC is increased to 75% of the aircraft’s current (average of
the previous 15 seconds) radio altitude. This value is limited to 500 feet AGL for
airspeeds less than or equal to 190 knots. If the airspeed is greater than 190 knots, the
MTC increases linearly with increasing airspeed up to 250 knots. Beyond 250 knots, the
MTC is limited to 1,000 feet AGL. Any decrease in altitude below minimum terrain
clearance will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and generate an aural “TOO LOW
TERRAIN” warning.
• It is activated after takeoff when the gear or flaps are not in the landing configuration. It is
also active during a low altitude go-around, if the aircraft has descended below
245 feet AGL.
TAWS Mode 4C
Figure 17−10−19
Mode 5 – Descent Below Glideslope
Mode 5 provides two levels of alerting if the aircraft flight path descends below the glideslope.
The first alert occurs whenever the aircraft is more than 1.3 dots below the beam, and is called a
“soft alert” because the volume level is reduced. A second alert occurs below 300 feet radio
altitude with greater than 2 dots’ deviation, and is called a “hard alert” because the volume is
louder.
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Description
Vol. 2 17−10−20
Oct 05/06
CL−605 Flight Crew Operating Manual
PSP 605−6
TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) (CONT'D)
To avoid unwanted glideslope alerts when capturing the localizer between 500 and 1,000 feet
AGL, the upper limit of the alert envelope is varied in the following ways:
• Glideslope alerts are only enabled if the localizer is within ±2 dots. This allows a lateral
capture of the localizer.
• The upper altitude limit for the glideslope alert is modulated with vertical speed. For
normal descent rates above 500 FPM, the upper limit is set to the normal 1,000 feet
AGL. For descent rates lower than 500 FPM, the upper limit is desensitized to allow a
level flight capture of the localizer.
The above requirements are overridden when the aircraft descends below 500 feet AGL.
TAWS Mode 5
Figure 17−10−20
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