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Components and Operation
TAWS Computer
The TAWS receives inputs from the air data system, radio altimeters, VHF navigation receivers,
GPS, IRS, angle-of-attack vanes, gear and flap selector levers and TAWS panel switch/lights.
These inputs are used to compute potential terrain conflicts.
Mode 1 – Excessive Descent Rate
Mode 1 provides aural and visual alerts and warnings, in the event that the TAWS computer
determines that the rate of descent is excessive with respect to airplane altitude. The mode is
active when the airplane is less than 2,500 feet AGL. Mode 1 requires radio altitude and rate of
descent data.
The annunciation envelope consists of two areas: alert and warning.
• Penetration of the alert area will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and generate an aural
“SINKRATE SINKRATE”. The aural alert will be annunciated once, and will be repeated
only if conditions degrade by more than 20% based on computed time to impact. The
visual alert will remain until the condition is rectified.
• Penetration of the warning area will display PULL UP on the PFDs, and generate an
aural “WHOOP, WHOOP, PULL UP” warning. The aural warning is annunciated
continuously until the condition is rectified
TAWS Mode 1
Figure 17−10−12
Mode 2 – Excessive Terrain Closure Rate
Mode 2 provides alerts and warnings when the TAWS computer detects that the closure rate
between the airplane and terrain is excessive. The airplane need not be in descent, rising terrain
may be encountered in level flight, or the terrain may be rising at a rate greater than the airplane
rate of climb. Mode 2 uses radio altitude, vertical speed and aircraft configuration inputs.
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Description
Vol. 2 17−10−16
Oct 05/06
CL−605 Flight Crew Operating Manual
PSP 605−6
TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) (CONT'D)
Mode 2 has two submodes: Mode 2A and Mode 2B.
• Mode 2A – Activated when flaps are not in the landing position, and the aircraft is not in
the GS beam. Penetration of the alert area will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and
generate an aural “TERRAIN, TERRAIN”. The aural is annunciated once, and the visual
alert will remain displayed until the condition is rectified. Penetration of the warning area
will display PULL UP on the PFDs, and generate an aural “PULL UP” warning. The aural
and visual warnings are annunciated continuously until the condition is rectified.
TAWS Mode 2A
Figure 17−10−13
• Mode 2B – Activated when flaps are in the landing configuration, or in the event the flaps
are up and the airplane is on an ILS approach, and the glideslope and localizer
deviations are less than ±2 dots and for 60 seconds after takeoff. Penetration of the alert
area will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and enable an aural “TERRAIN, TERRAIN”.
The aural and the visual alerts are annunciated continuously, and will remain until the
condition is rectified. Penetration of the warning area will display PULL UP on the PFDs,
and generate an aural “PULL UP” warning. The aural and visual warnings are
annunciated continuously until the condition is rectified.
TAWS Mode 2B
Figure 17−10−14
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Description
Vol. 2 17−10−17
Oct 05/06
CL−605 Flight Crew Operating Manual
PSP 605−6
TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) (CONT'D)
Mode 3 – Altitude Loss after Takeoff
Mode 3 provides warnings when the TAWS computer detects that a significant amount of
altitude is lost immediately after takeoff, or during a go-around. Mode 3 uses radio altitude,
barometric altitude and altitude rate.
If a descent is initiated following takeoff or go-around, the TAWS computer stores the altitude
value at which the descent began, and compares successive altitude data to the stored value.
Activation of the warning is induced when the minimum terrain clearance, as a function of
altitude lost, is exceeded.
Penetration of the alert area will display GND PROX on the PFDs, and generate an aural
“DON’T SINK, DON’T SINK” warning. The aural warning is annunciated only once, unless the
altitude value degrades by more than 20% from the initially stored value, and again at each
additional 20% degradation from the initially stored value. This condition will remain until the
airplane regains the initial altitude value. Mode 3 is inhibited for radio altitude in excess of 1,500
feet.
TAWS Mode 3
Figure 17−10−15
Mode 4 – Unsafe Terrain Clearance
Mode 4 provides alerts and warnings for insufficient terrain clearance, based on airplane phase
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