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that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave
and imminent danger or require immediate assistance.
Downstream clearance. A clearance issued to an aircraft by an
air traffic control unit that is not the current controlling
authority of that aircraft.
Emergency phase. A generic term meaning, as the case may
be, uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase.
Final approach. That part of an instrument approach procedure
which commences at the specified final approach fix or
point, or where such a fix or point is not specified,
a) at the end of the last procedure turn, base turn or
inbound turn of a racetrack procedure, if specified; or
b) at the point of interception of the last track specified in
the approach procedure; and
ends at a point in the vicinity of an aerodrome from which:
1) a landing can be made; or
2) a missed approach procedure is initiated.
Flight crew member. A licensed crew member charged with
duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight
duty period.
Flight information centre. A unit established to provide flight
information service and alerting service.
Flight information region. An airspace of defined dimensions
within which flight information service and alerting service
are provided.
Chapter 1 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services
1-5 1/11/01
Flight information service. A service provided for the purpose
of giving advice and information useful for the safe and
efficient conduct of flights.
Flight level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which
is related to a specific pressure datum, 1 013.2 hectopascals
(hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific
pressure intervals.
Note 1.— A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance
with the Standard Atmosphere:
a) when set to a QNH altimeter setting, will indicate
altitude;
b) when set to a QFE altimeter setting, will indicate height
above the QFE reference datum;
c) when set to a pressure of 1 013.2 hPa, may be used to
indicate flight levels.
Note 2.— The terms “height” and “altitude”, used in
Note 1 above, indicate altimetric rather than geometric heights
and altitudes.
Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic
services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a
flight of an aircraft.
Note.— Specifications for flight plans are contained in
Annex 2. When the expression “flight plan form” is used it
denotes the model flight plan form at Appendix 2 to the
PANS-ATM.
Forecast. A statement of expected meteorological conditions
for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or
portion of airspace.
Geodetic datum. A minimum set of parameters required to
define location and orientation of the local reference system
with respect to the global reference system/frame.
Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
considered as a point, measured from a specified datum.
Human Factors principles. Principles which apply to
aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and
maintenance and which seek safe interface between the
human and other system components by proper consideration
to human performance.
Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations
which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of
aeronautical operations.
IFR. The symbol used to designate the instrument flight rules.
IFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the
instrument flight rules.
IMC. The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological
conditions.
INCERFA. The code word used to designate an uncertainty
phase.
Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated
with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could
affect the safety of operation.
Note.— The types of incidents which are of main interest to
the International Civil Aviation Organization for accident prevention
studies are listed in the Accident/Incident Reporting
Manual (Doc 9156).
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified for visual
meteorological conditions.
Note.— The specified minima for visual meteorological
conditions are contained in Annex 2.
Integrity (aeronautical data). A degree of assurance that an
aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered
since the data origination or authorized amendment.
International NOTAM office. An office designated by a State
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