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services.
Note 1.— The term “ATS route” is used to mean variously,
airway, advisory route, controlled or uncontrolled route,
arrival or departure route, etc.
Note 2.— An ATS route is defined by route specifications
which include an ATS route designator, the track to or from
significant points (waypoints), distance between significant
points, reporting requirements and, as determined by the
appropriate ATS authority, the lowest safe altitude.
Automatic dependent surveillance (ADS). A surveillance
technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data
link, data derived from on-board navigation and positionfixing
systems, including aircraft identification, fourdimensional
position and additional data as appropriate.
Automatic terminal information service (ATIS). The automatic
provision of current, routine information to arriving
and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified
portion thereof:
Data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATIS).
The provision of ATIS via data link.
Voice-automatic terminal information service (Voice-ATIS).
The provision of ATIS by means of continuous and
repetitive voice broadcasts.
Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 1
1/11/01 1-4
Base turn. A turn executed by the aircraft during the initial
approach between the end of the outbound track and the
beginning of the intermediate or final approach track. The
tracks are not reciprocal.
Note.— Base turns may be designated as being made either
in level flight or while descending, according to the circumstances
of each individual procedure.
Change-over point. The point at which an aircraft navigating
on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very
high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges is expected
to transfer its primary navigational reference from the
facility behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of the
aircraft.
Note.— Change-over points are established to provide the
optimum balance in respect of signal strength and quality
between facilities at all levels to be used and to ensure a
common source of azimuth guidance for all aircraft operating
along the same portion of a route segment.
Clearance limit. The point to which an aircraft is granted an
air traffic control clearance.
Conference communications. Communication facilities whereby
direct speech conversation may be conducted between three
or more locations simultaneously.
Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a
specified limit above the earth.
Controlled aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic
control service is provided to aerodrome traffic.
Note.— The term “controlled aerodrome” indicates that
air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic but
does not necessarily imply that a control zone exists.
Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within
which air traffic control service is provided in accordance
with the airspace classification.
Note.— Controlled airspace is a generic term which covers
ATS airspace Classes A, B, C, D and E as described in 2.6.
Controlled flight. Any flight which is subject to an air traffic
control clearance.
Controller-pilot data link communications (CPDLC). A means
of communication between controller and pilot, using data
link for ATC communications.
Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from
the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.
Cruising level. A level maintained during a significant portion
of a flight.
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC). A mathematical algorithm
applied to the digital expression of data that provides a
level of assurance against loss or alteration of data.
Data link communications. A form of communication intended
for the exchange of messages via a data link.
Data quality. A degree or level of confidence that the data
provided meets the requirements of the data user in terms
of accuracy, resolution and integrity.
Declared capacity. A measure of the ability of the ATC system
or any of its subsystems or operating positions to provide
service to aircraft during normal activities. It is expressed as
the number of aircraft entering a specified portion of
airspace in a given period of time, taking due account of
weather, ATC unit configuration, staff and equipment available,
and any other factors that may affect the workload of
the controller responsible for the airspace.
DETRESFA. The code word used to designate a distress
phase.
Distress phase. A situation wherein there is reasonable certainty
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