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during inspection or use. The excessive
tension placed on the triple emergency
release cable housing assembly may partially
dislodge the housing and engage or
activate the forward and aft hook emergency
release mechanism. This may
cause an inadvertent release of loaded
forward and aft hook assemblies in flight.
CAUTION
External loads must not be rigged entirely
with steel cable (wire rope) slings. To
dampen vibration tendencies, a nylon vertical
riser at least 6 feet long must be
placed between the steel cable sling and
the nylon loop or metal shackle which
attaches to the cargo hook. Nylon and
chain leg slings and pure nylon slings
must have at least 6 feet of nylon in each
leg.
CAUTION
When combination internal and external
loads are carried during the same flight
and the external load exceeds 12,000
pounds, position the internal load forward
of the utility hatch. This procedure will
preclude encountering an excessively aft
CG.
8-3-4. Low Density Loads.
When carrying low density loads, airspeed is limited by
the amount of clearance which can be maintained between
the load and the underside of the helicopter since
the load will tend to trail aft as speed is increased.
8-3-5. High Density Loads.
High density loads can usually be flown at cruise airspeed
and in some cases up to Vne, depending on the
configuration of the load, air turbulence, or accompanying
vibration.
TM 1-1520-240-10
8-3-2
8-3-6. Aerodynamic Loads.
Aerodynamic loads, such as tow targets, drones, light
aircraft, aircraft parts, wings and tail sections have certain
inherent dangers because of their aerodynamic lift
capabilities. Therefore , the lift capabilities of external
loads must be eliminated before they are lifted. Airspeed
and bank angles will be governed by the reaction of the
load to the airspeed. Drogue chutes shall also be used
to streamline the load. However, the chute must be attached
to the load with a swivel fitting.
8-3-7. Multi-Hook Loads.
Handling characteristics are improved when loads are
slung using two-point (forward and aft hook) sling suspension.
Load motion is substantially reduced. Potentially
unstable loads are directionally restrained by two-point
suspension; airspeed capability is increased above the
airspeed for single-point suspension. When low density
high-drag cargo is carried, the risk of single hook failure
in two-point suspension is reduced by the addition of a
safety sling from the center hook to the forward load
attachment point. The multi-hook configuration also enables
the carrying of three independent loads within the
CG limit.
TM 1-1520-240-10
8-4-1
SECTION IV. ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
8-4-1. Cold Weather Operation.
Refer to FM 1-202, Environmental Flight.
8-4-2. General.
Operating the helicopter in an environment of extreme
low temperature and the associated weather phenomena
requires that certain techniques and operating procedures
be implemented in addition to the normal operating
procedures in Section II. The following operating techniques
and procedures have been developed from actual
arctic flight testing and other pertinent information.
8-4-3. Preparation for Flight.
The following additional exterior checks are to be performed
during cold weather operation.
a. Check that all ice, snow, and frost have been removed
from the exterior surfaces, particularly the rotor
blades.
CAUTION
Ice removal should never be accomplished
by chipping or scraping. Deicing
fluid should be used.
b. Landing gear shock struts, wheel brakes and flight
control system actuators should be checked to make
certain that exposed piston areas are free of dirt, ice,
etc.
c. While checking the engines, the compressor
should be manually checked for freedom of rotation.
Heat must be applied if the compressor is frozen.
d. When operating the ramp, it may be necessary to
cycle it once or twice to achieve proper closure.
e. Ensure that the manually operated vent valves on
the rotary-wing shock absorbers are open at temperatures
below –18C. At temperatures between –18C and
–1C, the vent valves may be opened or closed. At temperatures
above –1C, the vent valves must be closed.
f. If seasonal temperatures are +4C and below, the
aft rotor droop stop shrouds should be installed.
g. At temperatures below –18C, preheating aircraft
is recommended for a minimum of 1–1/2 hours. Emphasis
should be placed on engine fuel control units.
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