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Long Range (Over the Horizon) Weather
Detection ...................................................................... 4-79
Gain .............................................................................. 4-82
The Total Weather Picture ................................................ 4-82
5 AVIATION WEATHER
Reflectivity ............................................................................. 5-1
The Water Molecule and Reflectivity .................................. 5-1
Bright Band ........................................................................ 5-4
Thunderstorm Reflectivity .................................................. 5-5
Thunderstorms ...................................................................... 5-8
Introduction ........................................................................ 5-8
Single-Cell Thunderstorm Development ............................ 5-8
Multi-Cell Thunderstorms ................................................. 5-11
Steady-State Thunderstorms ........................................... 5-13
Thunderstorm Characteristics .......................................... 5-14
Squall Lines ......................................................................... 5-20
Microbursts And Windshear ................................................ 5-22
Microbursts ...................................................................... 5-22
Windshear ........................................................................ 5-26
Hazardous Weather ............................................................. 5-31
Introduction ...................................................................... 5-31
Steep Gradient ................................................................. 5-33
Scalloped Edges, Pendant, Finger, Hook,
U-Shape ........................................................................... 5-34
Non-Reflective Weather ....................................................... 5-37
1st Edition, 1st Revision
ii 18 Sep 03
COLLINS OPERATOR’S GUIDE
MultiScan™ Radar Table of Contents
Tab Title Page
6 HOW RADAR WORKS
The Radar System ................................................................. 6-1
Frequency Comparison ......................................................... 6-2
Gain ....................................................................................... 6-4
Calibrated Gain Color Scheme .......................................... 6-4
Gain Control Settings ......................................................... 6-5
Gain Tables ........................................................................ 6-6
Airbus ............................................................................. 6-6
Boeing ............................................................................ 6-7
Effects Of Gain Selection ................................................... 6-8
Antenna Characteristics ...................................................... 6-12
Parabolic Versus Flat-Plate Antennas ............................. 6-12
Antenna Side Lobes and False Windshear
Warnings .......................................................................... 6-14
Antenna Calibration ......................................................... 6-16
Antenna Stabilization ....................................................... 6-17
Radar Beam Characteristics ................................................ 6-19
Beam Diameter ................................................................ 6-20
Range And Azimuth Resolution ....................................... 6-21
Beam Attenuation ............................................................ 6-23
Sensitivity Time Control (STC) ..................................... 6-24
Long-Range Color Enhancement ................................. 6-26
Path Attenuation (Radar Shadow) ................................ 6-27
Radome Characteristics ...................................................... 6-30
Cat’s Eyes/Ghost Targets ................................................. 6-30
Radome Inspection .......................................................... 6-31
Doppler Turbulence ............................................................. 6-32
Windshear ........................................................................... 6-33
Windshear Event .............................................................. 6-33
Automatic Enable ............................................................. 6-35
Collins’ Windshear Philosophy ......................................... 6-36
Alert Level Activation Regions ......................................... 6-39
Airbus ........................................................................... 6-40
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Collins Weather Radar operator’s guide(2)
