曝光台 注意防骗
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turbulent boundary layers 湍流附面层 (⇒There is an intense agitation in turbulent layer.)
agitation n. ①搅动(作用), 摇动, 振荡, 搅拌(作用), 搅匀, 拌和, 混合 ②激发, 激励 ③扰动
exchange of mass or momentum 质量交换或动量交换
typical a. 典型的
macroscopic scale 宏观尺度
packets of fluid 流体小包
turbulence viscosity 湍流粘性
eddy viscosity 涡粘性
as a consequence 作为结果
growth rate 增长率
separation of flow 流动分离
immensely ad. 无限地, 广大地, 庞大地
(Pressure gradient is one of the factors that influences a flow immensely.)
retarding effect upon the flow 对流动的阻滞减速作用
favourable pressure gradient (negative pressure gradient) 顺压梯度
adverse pressure gradient (positive pressure gradient) 逆压梯度
to separate the flow 使流动分离
counteract vt. 抵消; 阻碍; 中和; 使受挫
from this point onwards 从这点往后
reverse 倒流 （⇒The flow reverses.）
recirculating flow 回流
contour of the body 物体的外轮廓
point of separation 分离点
terminate v. 终止
reattach v. 再附（着）
separation bubble 分离气泡
drag 阻力
skin friction drag 表面摩擦阻力
pressure drag or form drag 压差阻力(形阻)
(Example sentences: There is another agent that can cause drag. This is the pressure difference upon the flow. This could come about due to geometrical effects that induce separation as happens with a cylinder to be discussed later. This is called Pressure Drag or Form Drag, since it is due to the body geometry. The sum of pressure drag and skin friction drag constitutes Drag about the body or Profile Drag.）
prone[prəun] a. ①易于…的, 有…倾向的(to) ②俯伏的, 面向下的 ③倾斜的, 陡的 (⇒be prone to error 易于出错, prone bombing 俯冲轰炸)
readily prone for 易受
{⇒A thick body (large thickness/length ratio) is readily prone for separation and produces considerable pressure drag.}
bluff body （blunt body） 钝体
apparent 明显的
sphere 球体
periodic oscillation 周期性振荡
wake 尾迹
the eddies break off from the cylinder 涡从柱体上脱落
vortex street 涡街
degeneration of vortices into turbulence 涡退化为湍流
dramatic change (戏剧性的, 引人注目的，奇迹般的)变化
sustain vt. ①支撑[承持] ②持续, 持久 {to sustain for a longer time 支撑更长时间}
dimples on golf ball 高尔夫球上的小凹坑
trip v. ①释放, 松开, 拨动 ②(使)跳闸, (使)解扣
{⇒to trip turbulence in order to decrease drag 触发附面层转捩成湍流以减小（压差）阻力 }
bowling 保龄球(运动)
bowlers 玩保龄球者；（板球）投手
cricket 蟋蟀，板球 vi 打板球
bowl [bəul] n.①碗，钵，盆 ②[量词]一碗一钵③(草地滚木球用之)木球；保龄球 v.滚(球），投(球)
shin 攀，爬
delaying or stopping separation of flow 延迟或停止流动分离 54
strategy 策略
Figure： Flow Classification
viscous flow in pipes 管中的粘性流
external flow 外流
conduit 导管，油管，线管，水道
Internal flow: Pipe Flows and Open Channel Flows 内流：管道流和明渠流
（A pipe flow is one where the fluid fills the conduit completely. The main driving force is pressure although gravity may also be contributing to the flow. On the other hand, an Open Channel Flow is open where the fluid does not fill the conduit completely. The driving force now is gravity.)
turbulent flow 湍流流动
transitional flow 转捩流动
entrance n. 入口
enter v. 进入
come into effect 生效，起作用
merge 混合，融入；没入；合并
parabolic a. 抛物形[型]（的）
fully developed flow 充分发展流动
from a practical point of view 从一个实用的观点看
pressure drop 压降
radial distance 径向距离
volumetric flow rate 体积流量
logarithmic overlap law 对数重迭律
wall layer 近壁层
outer layer 外层
overlap layer 重叠层
Kármán constant 卡门常数
Power Law Velocity Profile 指数律速度剖面
exponent 指数，幂
6.5 Experiments in Gasdynamics
apparatus 仪器
take note of 注意
the high-pressure gas supply line 高压气供应线
a manually operated valve 手动操作阀
converging-diverging nozzle 收缩—扩张喷管
upstream stagnation pressure 上游滞止压强
choke at the throat 喉部壅塞
static pressure ports 静压测孔
discrepancy 偏差，误差
shock waves 激波
Schlieren optical system 纹影仪光学系统
shock/expansion wave system 激波膨胀波系
oblique shock wave 斜激波
Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan 普朗特—梅耶尔膨胀波扇
perfect gas theory model 完全气体理论模型
nozzle geometry 喷管几何形状
Rarefied Gas Flow 稀薄气体流动
microscale flow 微尺度流动
Molecular Simulation (Monte-Carlo) (DSMC) technique 蒙特-卡罗直接分子模拟技术
statistical behaviour of gas molecules 气体分子统计特性
7. Propulsion
predict vt. 预示，预估
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低速空气动力学词汇表(39)
