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If the threads in the soft casting are stripped, the threads can be drilled out and tapped for a larger
stud, and a stepped stud can be used. The coarse threads on the stepped stud are usually one bolt size larger
than the fine threads.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 558
step taxi (float plane operation). To taxi a float plane at full power or high RPM.
step turn (float plane operation). A maneuver used to put a float plane in a planing configuration prior to
entering an active sea lane for takeoff.
step-up transformer (electrical transformer). A type of electrical transformer with more turns in the
secondary winding than in the primary. The secondary voltage of a step-up transformer is higher than the
primary voltage, but the secondary current is less than the primary current.
stiffener (sheet metal structural component). A piece of formed sheet metal or extrusion riveted to a
larger piece of thin sheet metal to give it rigidity and stiffness. Some types of aircraft sheet metal structure
have large areas of thin sheet metal that vibrate and cause noise and weaken the metal. To prevent this
metal from vibrating, a stiffener in the shape of a hat section, a channel, or an angle is riveted across the
sheet. This stiffens it enough to stop the vibration.
Stoddard solvent. A petroleum product, similar to naphtha, used as a solvent and a cleaning fluid.
stoichiometric mixture (heat engine fuel-air mixture). The ratio of the mixture of fuel and air that, when
burned in a heat engine, leaves no uncombined oxygen nor free carbon. A stoichiometric mixture of
gasoline and air contains one pound of gasoline and 15 pounds of air.
STOL (Short TakeOff and Landing). STOL performance of an aircraft is the ability of the aircraft to take
off and clear a 50-foot obstruction in a distance of 1,500 feet from the beginning the takeoff run. It must
also be able to stop within 1,500 feet after crossing over a 50-foot obstacle on landing.
“Stop altitude squawk” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC to inform a pilot to turn off the
automatic altitude reporting feature of his transponder. This phrase is used when the verbally reported
altitude varies 300 feet or more from the automatic altitude report.
stop countersink (sheet metal tool). A cutting tool used to cut the chamfered holes into which flush rivet
heads fit. The cutter, which is driven by a shaft mounted in a hand-held drill motor, fits through a bushing
in the body of the stop unit and extends out beyond a fiber collar on the end of the body.
The body is made in two parts threaded together to allow the length of the body to be adjusted.
The body length determines the amount the cutter protrudes, and this, in turn, controls the depth of the hole
made by the cutter. A fiber collar prevents the stop scratching the soft metal being countersunk.
stop drilling (method of crack arresting). A method of stopping the growth of a crack in a piece of metal
by drilling a small hole at the end of the crack. A crack in a piece of metal subject to vibration will continue
to grow because of the stresses concentrated at its end in an extremely small area. Very little force acting
on this tiny area will tear the metal.
If a small hole is drilled at the end of the crack, the forces, instead of being concentrated at the end
of the crack, spread out around the circumference of the hole, and much more force is needed to tear the
metal.
stopover flight plan (air traffic control). A flight plan format which permits in a single submission, the
filing of a sequence of flight plans through interim full-stop destinations to a final destination.
stopway. 14 CFR Part 1: “An area beyond the takeoff runway, no less wide than the runway and centered
upon the extended centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane during an aborted takeoff, without
causing structural damage to the airplane, and designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating
the airplane during an aborted takeoff.”
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 559
storage battery. A battery composed of several secondary electrical cells. A discharged storage battery can
be recharged by placing it across a source of direct current until the chemical composition of the plates and
the electrolyte change to their charged condition.
storm-detection radar (radar meteorology). A weather radar designed to detect hydrometeors of
precipitation size. Storm-detection radar is used primarily to detect storms containing large drops of water
or hailstones, as opposed to clouds and light precipitation of small drop size.
Stormscope (weather detection indicator). The registered trade name of an instrument that detects severe
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