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discharge it off the ends of the cotton fibers. Other dischargers have needle-sharp points from which the
static electricity is discharged.
static electricity. Electrical pressure produced by an excess of electrons (a negative charge) or a deficiency
of electrons (a positive charge). Static charges accumulate on an insulated surface because of friction, and
remain in a still, or static, condition until a conductive path is provided to an oppositely charged surface, or
to ground. When a path is provided, electrons flow and neutralize the charge.
static port (aircraft instruments). A small hole, or port, in the skin of an aircraft at a location where the
airflow is not disturbed. The airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator get their reference
static air pressure from this port. Some aircraft pick up their static pressure from a combined pitot-static
tube.
static pressure, Ps (fluid pressure). The pressure of a fluid that is still, or not moving, measured
perpendicular to the surface exposed to the fluid. Static pressure and dynamic pressure, which is caused by
the movement of the air, make up the total pressure of a mass of air. Static air pressure relates to the density
of the air, and density is affected by both the altitude (pressure) and the air temperature.
static pressure pickup (aircraft instrument system). The location on the surface of an aircraft where the
static air pressure used in the altimeter, airspeed indicator, and the vertical speed indicator is picked up.
Static pressure is often taken from flush static ports on the sides of the fuselage or on the sides of the
vertical tail surface. In other installations, static pressure is picked up from ports in the side of a
combination pitot-static tube.
Static pressure pickups must be located in an area where there is no movement of air in a direction
that could blow into the static holes.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 556
static radial engine. A type of reciprocating engine in which the cylinders are arranged radially around a
small crankcase. Static radial engines are different from rotary radial engines in that their cylinders do not
rotate with the propeller. Static radial engines were at one time the most popular configuration of engine
used in airplanes, because of their low weight-to-power ratio. But they have so much frontal area that they
produce too much drag for modern high-speed aircraft.
Radial engines can have three, five, seven, or nine cylinders in one row. Two or four rows of
cylinders can be stacked together to make an engine with 14, 18, 28, or 36 cylinders.
static RPM (aircraft reciprocating engine operation). The number of revolutions per minute an aircraft
engine can produce when the aircraft is not moving. The static RPM is lower than the RPM the engine
develops in flight because of the increased power made possible by forward movement ramming air into
the carburetor inlet.
static stability (aerodynamics). The characteristic of an aircraft that causes it to try to return to straight
and level flight after it has been disturbed from this condition.
static test (structural test). A type of test given to such mechanisms as airplane structures. Hydraulic
cylinders or sandbags apply forces to simulate loads that could possibly be encountered in flight, and the
amount the structure deflects is measured. Some static testing is carried to destruction—the structure is
loaded until something breaks. Testing to destruction identifies the weakest point in the structure.
static thrust (gas turbine engines). The amount of thrust produced by a gas turbine engine when the
engine is not moving through the air.
static wick. A device used to bleed an accumulated static electrical charge off an aircraft control surface
and discharge it into the air. The wick is made of graphite-impregnated cotton fibers, enclosed in a plastic
tube. One end of the wick is electrically connected to the trailing edge of a control surface, and the other
end of the fibers are spread out of the end of the tube so the hundreds of fiber ends stick out into the air.
As the airplane flies through the air, static electricity builds up on the control surfaces, travels
through the static wicks, and discharges into the air from the tips of the cotton fibers.
station. A location on an aircraft identified by a number designating its distance in inches from the datum.
station pressure (meteorology). The actual barometric (atmospheric) pressure measured at the observing
station.
stator (electrical machine component). The part of an electric motor or generator that produces the
stationary, or nonmoving, electromagnetic field. In a direct-current alternator, such as is used on most light
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