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exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy
times.
Terminal arrival altitude (TAA). The lowest altitude that will
provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1 000 ft) above all
objects located in an arc of a circle defined by a 46-km
(25 NM) radius centred on the initial approach fix (IAF), or
where there is no IAF on the intermediate approach fix (IF),
delimited by straight lines joining the extremity of the arc
to the IF. The combined TAAs associated with an approach
procedure shall account for an area of 360 degrees around
the IF.
Terrain. The surface of the Earth containing naturally
occurring features such as mountains, hills, ridges, valleys,
bodies of water, permanent ice and snow, and excluding
obstacles.
Note.- In practical terms, depending on the method of
data collection, terrain represents the continuous sugace that
b, to protect flying Over it during take-off Or exists at the bare Earth, the top of the canopy or something inlanding
operiitions. between, also known as Frst reflective sugace 1
Runway visual rarrrge (RVR). The range over which the pilot
of an aircraft om the centre line of a runway can see the
runway surface markings or the lights delineating the
runway or identifying its centre line.
Shoulder. An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so
prepared as to provide a transition between the pavement
and the adjacent surface.
Significant point. A specified geographical location used in
defining an ATS route or the flight path of an aircraft and
for other navigation and ATS purposes.
Stopway. A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end
of take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in
which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an
abandoned take-off.
Tariing. Movemant of an aircraft on the surface of an
aerodrome undt:r its own power, excluding take-off and
landing.
Taxiway. A defined path on a land aerodrome established for
the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link
between one part of the aerodrome and another, including:
Threshold The beginning of that portion of the runway usable
for landing.
Touchdown and lift-off area (TLOF). A load bearing area on
which a helicopter may touch down or lift off.
Touchdown zone. The portion of a runway, beyond the
threshold, where it is intended landing aeroplanes first
contact the runway.
Track. The projection on the earth's surface of the path of an
aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually
expressed in degrees fiom North (true, magnetic or grid).
Transition altitude. The altitude at or below which the
vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to
altitudes.
Hsual approach procedure. A series of predetermined
manoeuvres by visual reference, fiom the initial approach
fix, or where applicable, fiom the beginning of a defined
arrival route to a point from which a landing can be
completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, a
go-around procedure can be carried-out.
Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts Chapter I
Waypoint. A specified geographical location used to define an
area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft
employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as
either:
Fly-by waypoint. A waypoint which requires turn
anticipation to allow tangential interception of the next
segment of a route or procedure; or
Flyover waypoint. A waypoint at which a turn is initiated in
order to join the next segment of a route or procedure.
1.2 Applicability
1.2.1 The specifications in this Annex are applicable on
and after 1 November 200 1.
Note.- Chapter 20 Electronic Aeronautical Chart Display
- ICAO is applicable on and after 28 November 2002.
1.2.2 All charts coming within the scope of this Annex
and bearing the aeronautical information date of
1 November 2001 or later shall conform to the Standards
relevant to the particular chart.
1.2.2.1 Recommendation.- AN such charts should in
addition conform to the Recommended Practices relevant to
the particular chart.
1.3 Availability
1.3.1 Information. A Contracting State shall on request by
another Contracting State provide all information relating to its
own tenitory that is necessary to enable the Standards of this
Annex to be met.
1.3.2 Charts. Contracting States shall, when so specified,
ensure the availability of charts in whichever of the following
ways is appropriate for a particular chart or single sheet of a
chart series.
1.3.2.1 For any chart or single sheet of a chart series
entirely contained within the tenitory of a Contracting State,
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