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of operation, climactic conditions, storage facilities, age, and construction of the aircraft.
Maintenance manuals are available from aircraft manufacturers or commercial vendors with
revisions for maintaining your aircraft.
While the requirements for maintaining your aircraft are contained in Title 14 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (14 CFR), it is essential for every aircraft owner to remember that specific
maintenance requirements are available from the aircraft manufacturer.
maintenance responsibilities
14 CFR part 91, section 91.403, places primary responsibility on the owner or operator for
maintaining an aircraft in an airworthy condition. Certain inspections must be performed on
your aircraft, and you must maintain the airworthiness of the aircraft between the required
inspections by having any defects corrected. 14 CFR part 91, section 91.327 pertains to lightsport aircraft. Light-sport aircraft certificated in the light sport category under 14 CFR part
21, section 21.190 must be maintained by an FAA-certificated airframe and powerplant (A&P)
mechanic or a light-sport repairman with a maintenance rating.
14 CFr Part 91, subpart e
14 CFR part 91, subpart E, requires the inspection of all civil aircraft at specific intervals
to determine the overall condition. The interval generally depends on the type of operations
in which the aircraft is engaged. Some aircraft need to be inspected at least once every
12 calendar months, while inspection is required for others after each 100 hours of operation.
In other instances, an aircraft may be inspected in accordance with an inspection system set
up to provide for total inspection of the aircraft on the basis of calendar time, time in service,
number of system operations, or any combination of these factors.
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Aircraft maintenance
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To determine the specific inspection requirements
and rules for the performance of inspections, you
should refer to 14 CFR part 91, subpart E, which
prescribes the requirements for various types of
operations.
manufacturer maintenance manuals
All inspections must follow the manufacturer main-
tenance manual, including the instructions for
continued airworthiness concerning inspection
intervals, parts replacement, and life-limited items
as applicable to your aircraft. The maintenance
manuals provided by the manufacturer of your aircraft are your best available resource on issues of
aircraft maintenance.
Preventive maintenance
14 CFR lists 32 relatively uncomplicated repairs and
procedures defined as preventive maintenance.
Certificated pilots, excluding student and recreational
pilots, may perform preventive maintenance on any
aircraft owned or operated by them that are not used
in air carrier service. These preventive maintenance
operations are listed in 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix A,
Preventive Maintenance. 14 CFR part 43 also contains other rules to be followed in the maintenance
of aircraft.
inspections
In order to provide a reasonable assurance that
aircraft are functioning properly, the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) requires a series of aircraft
inspections somewhat similar to the many currency
requirements for airmen. This section outlines the
basic inspection requirements for aircraft.
Annual Inspection
Most general aviation aircraft require an annual inspection pursuant to 14 CFR part 91, section 91.409.
Excluded aircraft:
• Use an approved progressive inspection plan;
• Carry a special flight permit; or
• Carry a provisional airworthiness certificate.
The annual inspection must be completed and
approved by a mechanic with an inspection
authorization (IA) once every 12 calendar months.
For example, if the aircraft’s annual is endorsed on
June 16, 2008, the next annual inspection is due
before July 1, 2009; otherwise the aircraft may not
be flown without authorization (e.g., a special
flight or “ferry” permit).
A ferry permit is required to fly an aircraft that is
out of annual, such as in the case of flying to another
airport for the inspection. Chapter 5 discusses the
issuance of special flight permits. You can contact
your local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)
for instructions on applying for a special flight or
ferry permit.
100-Hour Inspection
The 100-hour (14 CFR part 91, section 91.409)
inspection is required for aircraft that either:
• Carry any person (other than a crewmember) for
hire, or
• Are provided by any person giving flight
instruction.
The 100-hour limit may be exceeded by 10 hours
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