(b) Ground training shall include the following aeronautical knowledge areas:
(1) Applicable Civil Aviation Regulation of China for IFR flight operations;
(2) Navigation facilities, airport lighting, visual aid equipment, airspace, ATC procedures, emergency procedures, factors affecting flight safety, human factors, aeronautical chart etc and other suitable parts.
(3) Air traffic control system and procedures for instrument flight operations
(4) IFR navigation and instrument approaches to an airport by the use of navigation systems
(5) Use of IFR enroute and instrument approach procedure chart
(6) Procurement and use of aviation weather reports and forecasts and the elements of forecasting weather trends on the basis of that information and personal observation of weather conditions
(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft under IFR conditions
(8) Recognition of critical weather situations and windshear avoidance;
(9) Aeronautical decision making and judgement and
(10) Crew resource management, to include crew communication and co-ordination
(11) Human Performance and limitation relevant to instrument rating.
4 Flight Training
(a) Each applicant shall ensure that each course includes at least the following hours of flight training on the applicable areas of operation listed in paragraph (d) of this section
(1) 35 hours for an initial instrument rating
(2) 15 hours for an additional instrument rating
(b) Use of Flight Simulator and Flight Training Devices
(1) The training would include lesson conducted either in the simulator or flight training devices, it must represent the aircraft for which the training is conducted and will be or is specifically qualified and approved by the authority. It is used only for training given by an authorised instructor
(2) Training conducted in the simulator that meet the requirement stated in section 141.55(a) can credit no more than 50% (select the minimum figure) of the approved course or regulation total flight hours requirement.
(3) Training conducted in the flight training device that meet the requirement stated in section 141.55(b) can credit no more than 40% (select the minimum figure) of the approved course or regulation total flight hours requirement.
(4) Training conducted in both the flight simulator or flight training devices describe in paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section, if combine training takes place, a maximum of 50% (select the minimum figure) of the total flight training hours of the approved course can be credited. However, the credit for training conducted in the flight training device that meets the requirement of 141.55(b) cannot exceed the limitation stated in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(c) Every approved training course will include the following flight training:
(1) For an instrument aeroplane course: Instrument training from a licensed flight instructor with an instrument rating on the applicable areas of operation in paragraph (d) of this section including at least one cross country flight that
(i) Is in the category and class of aeroplane that the course is approved for and is performed under IFR
(ii) Is a distance of at least 470 kilometre (250 nautical miles) with one segment of the flight consisting of at least a straight-line distance of 180 kilometre (100 nautical miles) between airports
(iii) involves an instrument approach at each airport and
(iv) involves three approaches using different kind of navigation systems (VOR, ADF and ILS)
(2) For an instrument helicopter course: Instrument training from a licensed flight instructor with an instrument rating on the applicable areas of operation in paragraph (d) of this section including at least one cross country flight that
(i) Is performed in a helicopter under IFR
(ii) Is a distance of at least 180 kilometre (100 nautical miles) with one segment of the flight consisting of at least a straight-line distance of 90 kilometre (50 nautical miles) between airports
(iii) involves an instrument approach at each airport and
(iv) involves three approaches using different kind of navigation systems (VOR, ADF and ILS)
(d) Each approved course shall include flight training in the following areas of operation that are applicable to the aircraft category and class rating:-
(1) Preflight preparation
(2) Preflight procedure
(3) Air traffic control clearances and procedures
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本文链接地址：CCAR 141Appendix final(5)
