离岸直升机起落甲板设计指南 OFFSHORE HELIDECK DESIGN GUIDELINES 2(49)

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The possibility of a helicopter adopting a less than favourable final resting position after an incident should be taken into account.
The incident may not remain confined to the landing area and it is always possible that the aircraft may not remain in an upright position.
11.5.5  Design Criteria for Foam Systems
Foam systems should be specified to achieve:
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Adequate coverage of the helideck safe landing area

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Adequate application rates and foam quality

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Adequate response time and duration of application

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Suitability for the environmental conditions including low temperatures and strong winds.

For guidance to achieve these specifications see CAP 437 -Rescue and Firefighting Facilities.
Lightweight foam branch lines should augment fixed systems.
11.5.6  Design Considerations for Monitor Systems
11.5.6.1 General
Monitors are the most commonly chosen method of foam application for installation / vessel helidecks, other than NUIs.  However, Deck Integrated Fire Fighting System (DIFFS – Pop-up foam head system) may also be considered. For further guidance on DIFFS consult the CAA.
The following points should be considered in the design of any such monitor system:
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Manual monitors are generally more flexible than self oscillating types but serious consideration should be given to shielding the operators from crash effects.

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Oscillating monitors combined with remote actuation have the advantage of unmanned operation that enhances the safety of operations during take-off and landing. However, designs are unable to compensate for wind direction or the specific characteristics of a particular incident, and it is important that they be capable of rapid disengagement of the oscillating mechanism and reversion to manual operation.

 

      (Photograph courtesy of Angus Fire)
11.5.6.2 Numbers, Location and Operating Considerations
Numbers
The size of most helidecks will require a minimum of two monitors (if installed) but on larger helidecks three may be necessary.
Calculations of monitor coverage and foam spread might suggest that two monitors would be sufficient for smaller helidecks, but when wind effects and escape route locations are taken into account, the optimum arrangement is three monitors unless other means of providing adequate foam cover are available (e.g. foam branch pipes or foam / water hosereels).
Location
Monitors (particularly oscillating types) should be located so that they do not inhibit access to escape routes from the helideck and should not be located directly at the exits.
Operating Considerations
Oscillating monitors are effective but do not always give a continuous rate of application.  On spray setting, this is not critical, but monitors with excessive dwell times at the limit of their travel would exaggerate these effects.  The monitor settings should be regularly checked.
　
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