1.2 Objective of the study and its contents
1.2.1 Based on an analysis of past trends and practices, regulatory constraints and current circumstances, the study is to examine measures that can be taken to ensure that access of international general and business aviation to airports can be maintained or preferably expanded.
1.2.2 The purpose with international general and business aviation is addressed in the first part of the study. It provides for definitions of these two types of aviation and describes the main benefits that can be derived from their use.
1.2.3 The study then analyses ICAO’s policies relevant to access to airports, notably with respect to the notions of equitable treatment vis-à-vis all users, non-discrimination and the interests of aviation in general.
1.2.4 Problems experienced by international general and business aviation users in terms of access to airports are identified, notably through capacity constraints, measures taken to deal with airport capacity shortage (e.g. congestion charges, slot allocation), effect of the organizational structure of airports, environmental constraints and security aspects.
1.2.5 The next part analyses the present situation and outlook for the future in terms of access to major airports, environmental constraints, user fees, slot allocation, consultation between users and providers, and the new trends through which business aviation is undergoing.
1.2.6 Then conclusions and recommendations on how to improve the situation with regard to aspects mentioned in the previous parts are formulated at different levels (global, State, airport).
2. THE PURPOSE WITH INTERNATIONAL GENERAL AND BUSINESS AVIATION
2.1 Definition and scope of operations
2.1.1 General aviation comprises all aircraft that are not operated by commercial aviation or by the military. Business aviation, one of the components of general aviation, consists of companies and individuals using aircraft as tools in the conduct of their business. It should be noted that the term “business aviation” is not included in the ICAO vocabulary (Doc 9569); and that there is no ICAO definition of business aviation. Other forms of general aviation include aerial work, agriculture, flying schools, tourism, sport, etc.
Definition of business aviation (adopted by IBAC in 1998):
“That sector of aviation which concerns the operation or use of aircraft by companies for the carriage of passengers or goods as an aid to the conduct of their business, flown for purposes generally considered not for public hire and piloted by individuals having, at the minimum, a valid commercial pilot license with an instrument rating.”
2.1.2 Business aircraft are used by a whole range of people, from individuals who often fly rented, single-engine, piston-powered aircraft, to sales or management teams in large corporations, many of which own fleets of multi-engine, turbine-powered aircraft and employ their own flight crews, maintenance technicians and other aviation support personnel.
2.1.3 While the majority of business aircraft missions are conducted on demand, i.e. on a non-scheduled basis, some companies have scheduled operations, known as corporate shuttles, which essentially are private in-house airlines.
2.1.4 Corporations that operate business aircraft use modern, multi-engine, turbine-powered jets, turboprops or turbine helicopters that are certified to the highest applicable standards. Aircraft built specifically for business aviation vary from four-seat, short-range, piston-powered airplanes to two- and three-engine corporate jets that can carry up to 19 passengers nearly 11 000 km non-stop. Some companies even use airline-type jets of bigger capacity.
2.1.5 Although individuals or companies own the majority of business aircraft, business aviation can also use arrangements such as chartering, leasing, fractional ownership, time-sharing, interchange agreements, partnerships and aircraft management contracts.
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