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Landing Speed Definitions
Vls (REF Speed) - The speed for a specific flap configuration which provides adequate stall margin
for landing. Vls is computed by the FMGC to provide 1.23 Vs protection for the selected landing
configuration. It is the basis for computing Vapp and threshold speeds. Vls is not modifiable by
the crew.
Vref - Vls for configuration FULL.
Vapp (Target Speed) - The speed at which the approach is flown. Vapp, as computed by the FMGC,
is Vls + 5 knots plus 1/3 the headwind component, not to exceed Vls + 20. No additions are made
for gusts.
Threshold Speed - The speed crossing the runway threshold. Since wind gusts are not considered in
calculating Vapp, Threshold and Vapp are the same.
Minimum Groundspeed (Mini GS) - The speed, which is computed by the FMGC, that is equal to the
Vapp minus the headwind component of the magnetic winds inserted by the crew on the PERF APPR
page. If the headwind component is less than 10 knots, it defaults to 10 knots. MINI GS is the
calculated managed approach speed expressed as an equivalent groundspeed.
Managed Approach Speed - The speed, which is computed by the FMGC, at which the approach is
flown in managed speed. It is the minimum groundspeed (Mini GS) plus the actual wind
component, and is never lower than Vapp. Managed speed is limited by both Vapp and Vfe.
When in managed speed, the FMGC maintains the minimum groundspeed by continuously adjusting
the managed approach speed as the actual wind direction and/or velocity changes. When MINI GS
is maintained, safe aerodynamic margins are provided by taking advantage of the airplane's inertia
while flying through gusty or shear situations.
EXAMPLE:
A Vapp of 120 knots minus the pilot-entered wind of 15 knots equals a MINI GS of 105 knots.
With an actual headwind of 20 knots:
Managed approach speed is 125 knots (to maintain MINI GS of 105 knots).
With an actual headwind of 50 knots:
Managed approach speed is 155 knots (to maintain MINI GS of 105 knots).
With an actual headwind of 5 knots:
Managed approach speed is 120 knots (to maintain MINI GS of 105 knots). In this case, managed
approach speed is no lower than Vapp (120 knots).
With an actual tailwind of 20 knots:
Managed approach speed is 120 knots ( to maintain MINI GS of 105 knots). In this case, managed
approach speed in no lower than Vapp (120 knots).
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空客A320性能 Airbus A320 Performance(6)
