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4.2.1.5 CHANNELNU MBERING
4.2.1.2.2 Recommendation.- The aircraj? earth station 4.2.1.5.1 The channel number (Ct) shall be detined with
respect to the centrc frequency on the to-aircraft: transmission
should be capable of receiving in the frequency band I555 to
1 559 MHz. path by the formula:
frequency of transmission (MHz) - 1 510.0
Note.- The band 1 555 to 1 559 MHz may be protected and Ct =
utilized by some States for national and international AMS(R)S 0.0025
purposes.
4.2.1.5.2 The channel number (Cf) shall be defined with
4.2.1.2.3 Recommendation.- The aircraft earth statioh respect Lo the centre frequency on the from-aircraft
should also be capable of receiving in the frequency band transmission path by the formula:
1 525 to 1 544 MHz.
frequency of transmission (MHz) - 1 61 1.5
Cf =
Notc- The band 1 525 to J 544 MHz may be used to com- 0.0025
municate for purposes of distress and public correspondence
with station,^ of the maritime mobile-satellite service in
accordance with ITU Radio Regulations Article S41.
4.2.2 Frequency accuracy
4.2.1.3 FROM-AIRCRAFT The frequency of transmission horn the aircraft earth station,
as would be received at the satellite, shall not vary from the
4.2.1.3.1 The aircraft earth station shall be capable of nominal channel frequency by more than i383 Hz due to all
transmitting in the frequency band 1 645.5 to 1 656.5 MHz. causes.
No. 76
Part I Annex 10 - Aeronautical Teleco~nmunicutio~~s
Note.- The frequency of transnzission.s received bjl a 4.2.3.2.2 Axial ratio. The axial ratio shall be less than
suhsonic airrraft shoirld not vny from the nonzinal channel 6 dB for elevation angles of 45 to 90 degrees and less than
frequency by more than ~ 2 . 1 8kH z due to ull causes. 20 dB for elevation angles of 5 to 45 degrees or the AES
antenna shall have sufficient gain to compensalc for additional
polarizatioll loss in excess of that caused by the axial ratios.
Thc condition for including the compensation shall assume the
4.2.3 Aircraft earth stations salellite axial ratio to be 2.5 dB, with major axes of the
RF characteristics polarization ellipses orthogonal.
Note.- The following requirements upply over the entire 4-2.3.2.3 Recommendation.- To the muxinzum extent
transnzit arrd receive frequency bunds. possible, the Gfl shozlld be not less than -26 dB/K and the
axial ratio should be less than 6 dB over 100 per cent oj the
reference coverage volume.
4.2.3.1 GENERALA NTENNA
CHARACTERISTICS
4.2.3.1.1 Reference coverage volume. Antenna systems 4.2.3.2 bis INTERMEDIAGATINE ANTENNA
shall be installed to meet performance requirements for trans- SUB-SYSTEMS
mitting and receiving over a coverage volume of 360 degrees
of azimuth and from 5 to 90 degrees in elevation from a S" "ragrap11 4.2.3.6.
horizontal plane for aircraft in straight and level llight.
4.2.3.1.1.1 Recommendation.- To the rnaxirnum extent
possible, antenna systems shozlld be installed to meet perfonnance
reqz~irements for truns~nittina~i zd receiving over a
4.2.3.3 HIGH GAIN ANTENNA
SUB-SYSTEMS
- -
coverage volunre oj'360 degrees in azimuth and from 5 to 90 4.2.3.3.1 Gain-to-noise temperature ratio, Receiving subdegrees
in elevation from a horizontal plane for aircruJFt systems employing high gain antennas shall achieve a gain-toattitudes
of +20/-5 degrees of pitch and +25 degrees of roll. noise temperature ratio (G/T) of not less than -13 dBlK over
4,2.3. ,2 Polarization. The polarization shall be not less than 75 per cent of the reference coverage volume and
right-hand circular for both receiving and transmitting, in shall be not less than -25 dB/K over the remaining 25 per cent
accordance with the definition of ITU Radio Regulations NO. of the reference coverage volume defined in 4.2.3.1.1.
4.2.3.1.3 Antenna switching. Aircraft earth stations that
require more than one antenna shall be capable of switching
from one antenna to another in the same antenna sub-system
so as to introduce a signal interruption of not more than 40 ms.
Note.- 4.2.3.2, 4.2.3.2 bis and 4.2.3.3 outline the requirenzents,
for high gain, intermediate gain and low gain antennas
only. This does not preclude the filture introduction o f other
gain antennas; however some of the considerations which
rnust be m.ade before such an introduction ure described in the
guidarzce material contained in Attachment A to Part I of
Annex 10, Volume 111.
4.2.3.2 LOW GAIN ANTENNA
SUB-SYSTEMS
4.2.3.2.1 Guin-to-noise temperature ratio. Receiving subsystems
employing low gain antennas shall achieve a gain-tonoise
temperature ratio (G/T) of not less than -26 dB/K over
not less than 85 per cent of the reference coverage volume
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