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EXTERNAL INTERVENTION
Positive factor related to an external intervention that helped in avoiding an accident or contributed to limit the consequences. AERODROME INTERVENTION/ASSISTANCE
The implementation of the aerodrome emergency plan. Information provided by the Aerodrome Rescue and Fire Fighting Service (RFFS) to flight crew by radio, verbal communications or visual signs to assist the occupants of an aircraft during an emergency on the ground. AIR TRAFFIC INTERVENTION/ASSISTANCE
Information coming from an ATS unit (control, AFIS, etc.) obtained by radio and having a safety benefit for the rest of the flight. ASSISTANCE OF AN INSTRUCTOR/SUPERVISOR
The instructor or supervisor assists in giving the trainee (actor) a hint or the solution. This can also be done through radio communications when the persons are not physically in the same place. PASSENGER INTERVENTION/ASSISTANCE
A person onboard, not belonging to the flight crew, spontaneously helps a pilot to act or decide for a safe flight continuation. THIRD PARTY INTERVENTION/ASSISTANCE
A person exterior to the aircraft spontaneously helps the pilot to act or decide for a safe flight continuation.
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HARDWARE SAFETY NET
The activation of an airborne or ground-based warning system to alert the flight crew or ATC to a possible breach of safety (e.g., TAWS or ACAS warnings for aircraft and STCA or MSAW for ATC).
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PROVIDENCE
Other positive factor related to providence.
When none of the other positive factors listed above or other defenses appeared to stop the occurrence. It was providence that prevented a more serious outcome.
NOTE: Occurrences having only providence as a positive factor should be considered as serious incidents and should be investigated/analyzed in-depth.
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SOFT SAFETY NET
Positive factor related to soft safety net. A soft safety net can be opposed to hard safety net. It encompasses the safety defenses, which do not rely on specific equipment. ACCURATE USAGE OF DOCUMENTATION
The reading and especially the interpretation of documents (like charts/maps) allows the pilot to enhance his situation awareness. COMMUNICATIONS
Transmission of radio messages that allowed breaking a causal chain that could have probably led to an accident, with or without the regulatory phraseology. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Design requirements such that the relevant part of the aviation system (aerodrome, aircraft, ATC, ground equipment, etc.) was able to perform as they should (thereby preventing a higher severity outcome). ENGINE FAILURE ANTICIPATION
The pilot conceives and acts in order to land safely in case of an engine failure, especially on take-off. By extension, this factor is selected to include the risk of an engine failure in flight (e.g., non-certified aircraft in GA) or on approach with a troublesome engine. ENVIRONMENT OBSERVATION
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POSITIVE TAXONOMY DEFINITIONS AND USAGE NOTES(3)
