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performance. 17 July 2000
2 November 2000
Integrated voice and data link system (VDL Mode 3); data link 12 March 2001
satisfying surveillance applications (VDL Mode 4); update of 16 July 2001
references to the ITU Radio Regulations. 1 November 2001
(vii)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS
Note.- All references to "Radio Regulations" are to the
Radio Regulations published by the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU).R adio ~egulationsa re amended from
time to time by the decisions embodied in the Final .Acts of
World Radiocommunication Conferences held normally every
two to three years. Further information on the ITU processes
as they relate to aeronautical radio system frequency use is
contained in the Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum
Requirements for Civil Aviation including statement of
approved ICAO policies (Doc 9718).
When the following terms are used in this volume of the
Annex, they have the following meanings:
intentionally slightly different but contained within a
portion of the spectrum allotted for the operation.
Operational control communicalions. Communications
required for the exercise of authority over the initiation,
continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the
interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and
efficiency of a flight.
Note.- Such communications are normally required for the
exchange of messages between aircraft and aircrafl operating
agencies.
Primary means of communication. The means of communi-
Alternative means of communication. A means of com- cation to be adopted normally by aircraft and ground stations
munication provided with equal status, and in addition to as a first choice where alternative means of communication
the primary means. exist.
Double channel simplex. Simplex using two frequency Simplex. A method in which telecommunication between two
channels, one in each direction. stations takes place in one direction at a time.
Note.- This method was sometimes referred to as crossband.
Note.- In application to the aeronautical mobile service,
this method may be subdivided as follows:
Duplex. A method in which telecommunication between two
stations can take place in both directions simultaneously. a) single channel simplex;
Frequency channel. A continuous portion of the frequency b) double channel simplex;
spectrum appropriate for a transmission utilizing a specified
class of emission. c) oflset frequency simplex.
Note.- The class$catjon of and information Single Channel simplex. Simplex using the Sam€! frequency
relevant to the portion of the frequency spectrum appropriate channel in each direction.
for a given type of transmission (bandwidths) are spec$ed in
the Radio Regulations, Article S2 and Appendix Sl. VHF digital link (VDL). A constituent mobile subnetwork of
the aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN), oper-
Offset frequency simplex. A variation of single channel ating in the aeronautical mobile VHF frequency band. In
simplex wherein telecommunication between two stations addition, the VDL may provide non-ATN functions such as,
is effected by using in each direction frequencies that are for instance, digitized voice.
ANNEX 10 - VOLUME V
CHAPTER 2. DISTRESS FREQUENCIES
Introduction
Note.- ITU Radio Regulations Article S30 provides
general conditions for distress and safety communications for
all mobile services. Appendix S13 designates the frequencies
to be used for these situations. The aeronautical mobile service
is also permitted under Appendix S13, Part Al, Section 1 to
conform to special arrangements between governments where
these have been agreed. ICAO Annexes constitute such
agreements.
The Standards and Recommended Practices relating to radio
frequencies for distress communications take into account
certain procedures that have been adopted by lCAO and also
certain provisions made by the ITU in its Radio Regulations.
Annex 10, Volume I1 requires that an aircraft in distress
when it is airborne should use the frequency in use for normal
communications with aeronautical stations at the time.
Howevel; it is recognized that, after an aircraft has crashed or
ditched, there is a need for designating a particular frequency
or frequencies to be used in order that uniformity may be
attained on a worldwide basis, and so that a guard may be
maintained or set up by as many stations as possible including
direction-finding stations, and stations of the maritime mobile
service.
The frequency 2 182 kHz also offers possibilities for
communication between aircraft and stations of the maritime
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